Eucalyptus globulus (one of the species Eucalyptus) is an essential oil-producing plant that widely used in the medical sector. Generally, the useful part of Eucalyptus is leaves. Bioactive compounds contained in plant essential oils include gallic acid, cypellocarpin A, eucaglobulin, cuniloside and (1S, 2S, 4R)-trans-2-hydroxy-1,8-cineole;-D-glucopyranoside. The presence of these bioactive compounds made of essential oils can be used as an antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. The extraction method has a major effect on the production of essential oil because it can affect yield and bioactive compound. The extraction methods can be used to produce essential, such as maceration, Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE), Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE), water distillation, steam distillation, water-steam and distillation. This review discusses the extraction methods and the main factor can affect the extraction process to produce E. globulus essential oils.
The process of composting sugarcane residue by new bio-decomposer consortium formula contain specific microbes with different functions such as ligninolytic and cellulolytic microbes can improve the quality of agricultural waste. These bacteria have the potential to enhance sugarcane litter and other sugarcane residues. The fermentation process led to the C/N ratio of compost serves as a reference for the effectiveness of the decomposition process by bacteria. The research was designed as an alternative to producing organic fertilizers by using four bio-decomposer consortium formulas as ISAFCRI collection and EM4 as commercial bio-decomposer. The physicochemical characterization of 5 composts, including the C/N ratio of compost, is below 12-17, macroelements N, P, K available in compost are relatively high compared to the minimum requirement of SNI. The compost 5 with EM4 bio-decomposer appeared to have lower nutrient yields than compost using other decomposers. Compost 1 with formula one, which contains a consortium of lignocellulolytic bacteria, has excellent potential to be developed as a new bio-decomposer formula for processing sugarcane waste. The pilot test has shown that varieties of composts and organic fertilizers can be made from a mixture of sugarcane residue.
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