Particle‐size information is a measure of the quality of processed food products. In this investigation, a study has been made for the particle‐size analysis (PSA) of blanched and unblanched samples of tomato powder. The outcome indicates that the standard percentile reading D (v, 0.5), D (v, 0.1) and D (v, 0.9) for blanched and unblanched tomato‐powder samples are 260.30, 308.78 and 100.49 μm and 108.57, 609.24 and 521.76 μm, respectively. Volume mean diameter [D 4,3] is higher for unblanched sample (335.87 μm) compared with blanched tomato powder (288.41 μm). Surface area mean diameter [D 3,2] is also higher for unblanched sample (200.51 μm) than blanched tomato powder (158.71 μm). Furthermore, the specific surface area (Aw) is higher for blanched sample (0.0378 m2/g) as compared with unblanched sample (0.0299 m2/g). The blanching treatment slightly affects the grinding/milling quality/size‐reduction characteristics and results in uniform particle size, which is depicted by a narrow range of particle‐size distribution of tomato‐powder samples. Blanched tomato powder is finer as compared with unblanched tomato powder. The narrow range of particle sizes of the blanched sample of tomato powder shows stability during particle‐size settlement, as it is a very important and much desirable parameter for its use in processing of another product preparation.
Abstract:The study was conducted in the combine harvested paddy (variety-Kranti) and wheat (HI-8498) field. The crop gatherer cum baler was used for collection and baling of crop residues left in the field. Collection and gathering losses were determined for given condition and quantity of straw in the field. Moisture content of loose paddy and wheat straw was 15% and 8% respectively. Field operation was conducted at forward speed of 2.7 km/h and with collecting width of 1240 mm. The number of twine tied bales obtained per h was 181 and 87 with bale density of 200 and 102 kg/m 3 and bale mass of 22 and 10 kg respectively for rice and wheat crop. The collection and gathering losses were 18.40% for rice and 41.12 % for wheat. The cost of producing one twine tied bale was Rs.2.75 and Rs.5.00 for rice and wheat respectively. At nominal price of rice straw (Rs. 0.25/kg) and wheat straw (Rs. 0.75/kg) the net income from straw collection and baling using the machine was Rs. 607.00 per ha and Rs. 235.00 per ha for rice straw and wheat straw respectively. Straw management in the combine harvested fields by straw collection and baling in the field is considered as an appropriate and economically viable option for timely use of the field for subsequent sowing.
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