The article discusses the special aspects of ecological monitoring of agricultural land in current conditions. At the present day over 3.5 million hectares of the reclaimed lands in Russia are in an unsatisfactory meliorative state dial with secondary salinization, solonetzation of soil, erosion, flooding of lands with groundwater, etc. Monitoring is oriented to ensuring environmental sustainability of geological systems of river basins and landscapes to agricultural and water reclamation impacts. As the monitoring objects, reclaimed and adjoining lands, soils, underground and surface waters, reclamation systems are considered. The principles of ecological monitoring organization of reclaimed agricultural lands have been determined, an algorithm and technology for its implementation have been developed.
To substantiate potential sources of water resources, an integrated approach has been developed, including agroclimatic, hydrological and hydrogeological studies, analysis of the dynamics of the population of the regions and the prospects for the development of agriculture, the use of geoinformation technologies. The conditions for the formation of surface and ground waters were studied, taking into account climate change, as well as anthropogenic impact on water resources. The forecast of the dynamics of water consumption in agriculture on the basis of the development of irrigation of agricultural lands for crop yields increase has been developed. On the basis of the studies performed, sources of additional water resources for the development of irrigation in the south of the European Russia have been identified. A digital and geoinformation database has been developed for visualization of the results of zoning and providing of analytical reports on the use of surface and groundwater for irrigation and agricultural water supply to the public.
Regions in the south of the European territory of Russia and Western Siberia are experiencing water scarcity. The lack of water resources takes place against the background of a decrease in total water use in the country’s economy and in irrigation. It is necessary to reduce unproductive water losses, improve irrigation and drainage systems and irrigation technologies. This will positively affect diffuse pollution and the ecological state of water bodies draining agricultural land. It is possible to expand the use of groundwater in conjunction with surface water for drinking water supply and irrigation. Requires consideration of the problem of territorial redistribution of river flow. It is necessary to review the main provisions of the organization of water management and create a unified water management structure for efficient water use in agriculture.
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