-Protein and lipid content are two of the main chemical traits of interest for genetic breeding of oat (Avena sativa L.). The purpose of this study was to determine whether NIRS could substitute conventional methods of determination of protein and lipid contents, and to verify any correlation of the two with each other and with physical grain traits. The estimates for protein and lipid content based on NIRS showed that the traits are selected more easily and quickly by this methodology. The low correlations between physical and chemical grain traits make the selection of inbred lines with large grains and high lipid levels possible. In the evaluated population the lipid and protein contents were not associated, i.e., it is possible to obtain genotypes with high levels of both traits.
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