Abstract. Multifocal epithelial hyperplasia (MEH), also known as Heck's disease, manifests as a papulonodular lesion in the oral mucosa and has been associated with the human papillomavirus, a virus related to various precancerous diseases in the oral cavity. It has a predisposition for the female gender and for children. Although the majority of reported cases have been among American Indians and Eskimos, it has been described in multiple ethnic groups in various geographical locations. The objective of this review was to report on the clinical characteristics and epidemiology of MEH and its possible correlation with oral cancer. It is based on a search of articles in international journals published prior to April 2011, using the PubMed database and selecting articles related to the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of MEH. The review revealed a higher number of cases in individuals of American Indian origin and a predilection of the disease for the female gender and for patients between the 1st and 2nd decades of life. The most frequent lesion site was the lower lip. The disease has been associated with socio-economic and genetic factors, among others. No cases of malignant transformation have been reported.
El carácter maligno del Liquen Plano Oral (LPO) ha sido discutido por diversos autores desde hace unas décadas. La determinación del potencial de malignización puede ser afectada por las dificultades que se presentan en el diagnóstico clínico e histopatológico de estas lesiones. Por este motivo, el objetivo de esta revisión sistemática es evaluar la evidencia disponible en relación a la transformación maligna del LPO, determinando su incidencia y prevalencia y los tipos de lesiones de LPO asociados. La búsqueda principal se realizó en la base de datos PubMed; y como complemento, se hizo una búsqueda manual. Se obtuvo un total de 3.221 artículos, que tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se seleccionaron 19. Los resultados demostraron una incidencia de malignización <1% en la mayoría de casos y los subtipos de LPO que predominaron fueron atrófico/erosivo. Sin embargo, estudios prospectivos siguen siendo necesarios para confirmar estos resultados. Palabras clave: Liquen plano oral, malignización, premalignización.
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