Four multidisciplinary oceanographic surveys were conducted in November and December from 2007 to 2010, along the Mauritanian coast (NW Africa). A total of 10,514 brachyuran crabs belonging to 33 species were captured in 316 hauls at depths between 79 and 1867 m. The most specious family was Inachidae represented by nine species; the remaining 24 species belonged to 16 other brachyuran families.Monodaeus cristulatusis reported for the first time since its original description. Seven other species,Ethusa rugulosa, Pseudomyra mbizi, Inachus grallator, Macropodia gilsoni, Macropodia hesperiae, Solenolambrus noordendeiandSpinolambrus notialisextend their range of distribution northwards and, together withGoneplax barnardi, are reported here for the first time in Mauritanian waters. New data about depth ranges are reported forAcanthocarpus brevispinis, Ethusa rugulosa, Inachus aguiarii, Inachus grallator, Inachus nanus, Macropodia macrocheles, Solenolambrus noordendei, Spinolambrus notialis, Liocarcinus corrugatusandMonodaeus cristulatus. New data relating to the spawning period for most of the species are also included, as are some biogeographic and bathymetric considerations about brachyurans studied in the area.
A knowledge of the critical temperature of mixtures is important, and because of the difficulty of measuring the critical properties of mixtures experimentally, it is desirable to have reliable methods for correlating and predicting these properties. A survey of the literature indicates that a variety of correlations have been advanced for predicting the critical temperature of mixtures. For example Spencer et al. (1973) reviewed and evaluated a number of proposed methods for estimating the critical temperatures of mixtures. In this note a new alternative method, based on the heat capacity fraction, is proposed to correlate experimentally determined critical temperatures.If the composition of a mixture is expressed as6i --the mixture's critical temperature can be estimated by wherey, is the mole fraction of i, C,, the molal heat capacity of i, T,, the critical temperature of i, and T , the mixture critical temperature. Here our attention is restricted to normal fluids; that is, to molecules that have zero (or small) dipole moments, no tendency to associate by hydrogen bonding or similar chemical forces, and that have sufficiently large mass to permit neglect of quantum corrections.In figure 1, the critical temperature of three binary systemsmethane-propane (Reamer et al. The behavior of the binary hydrocarbon mixtures that have been investigated raises the possibility of using this nearly linear property to estimate the critical temperature of ternary systems of hydrocarbons. To establish these values only the critical temperature and the molal heat capacity data for each component is required. The approach to the estimation of such temperatures is as follows.Since the critical temperature is not known, values must be assumed and the answer can be reached by a series of successive approximations. As a starting assumption the molal average pseudocritical temperature of the mixture (T, = &y,Tc,) can be taken as equal to the temperature sought. This allows us to calculate the heat capacity fraction, Eq. l , and the desired temperature, Eq. 2. The procedure is repeated until the new calculated value of T , checks with the last calculated value. The search procedure is straightforward and does not in general require a large number of iterations to find the critical temperature. To illustrate this method of calculation the following example is presented. Step A. From the data in Table 1 we calculate the molal average pseudocritical temperature for this mixture. The starting assumption is:
El estudio de los impactos ecológicos de la fragmentación y la pérdida de hábitat es importante para la conservación de la diversidad1. Una propiedad de las biotas en ecosistemas fragmentados es el anidamiento: especies presentes en áreas de baja riqueza son muestras de las presentes en las de mayor riqueza2. La evaluación del anidamiento ha sido utilizada para predecir el grado al cual la fragmentación produce cambios en riqueza de especies en una secuencia predecible3-5 . Sin embargo, no se han realizado muchas evaluaciones de esta propiedad en el neotrópico, particularmente en hábitats urbanos. En este trabajo se evaluó el anidamiento de aves entre zonas verdes de un hábitat urbano, realizando censos visuales de aves en áreas de diferentes tamaños y grados de aislamiento en la ciudad de Cali. Para evaluar el grado de anidamiento, total y gremial, se comparó el índice NODF del ensamblaje contra el generado a partir de modelos nulos. El ensamblaje total presentó una distribución anidada significativa; sin embargo, a nivel de gremios, sólo las aves frugívoras exhibieron anidamiento significativo. La organización decreciente de máximo anidamiento de las zonas verdes mostró una relación negativa con el área y positiva con el aislamiento, lo cual sugiere que las diferencias entre las zonas verdes fueron debidas a extinción y colonización; respectivamente. En conclusión, aunque el ensamblaje de aves exhibió anidamiento, el patrón de recambio de especies fue diferente entre los gremios, por lo tanto, los sitios con pocas especies contribuyen a la biodiversidad a escala del paisaje; particularmente para especies insectívoras, nectarívoras y omnívoras. Adicionalmente, las aves frugívoras presentaron mayor anidamiento que las de otros gremios, lo cual implica que la pérdida secuencial de especies es más predecible en este grupo; y que el proceso de fragmentación afecta la organización trófica de las comunidades.Cómo citar este resumen: Murillo-García, O. E., Mora-Medina, L. C., Castillo, S., Castillo, M. A., García, A., Sánchez-Sarria, C., Vargas-Rivera, G., García, M. C., Perlaza, A., Vargas-Garcia, N., Triana, C., López-Díaz, E., Torres, G., Murillo, Y., Estupiñan, D. L., Altuwaee-Alejo, M., Molano, J., Aguirre, G. K. and Barreiro, M, Impactos Ecológicos De La Fragmentación: Patrones De Anidamiento De Aves En Zonas Verdes De Un Hábitat Urbano. Innovaciencia facultad cienc. exactas fis. naturales. 2017; 5(1) S1.
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