Diesel, gas oil, whole crudes, and bitumen samples were subjected to sulfoxidation, and then subjected to hydroxide attack in the presence of ethylene or propylene glycol. The resultant oils were analyzed by XRF for total sulfur and XANES spectroscopy for sulfur speciation at each stage. The combination of these analyses gave the total amount of sulfur as organic sulfide, sulfoxide, and sulfone at each stage of treatment so as to determine the effectiveness of the desulfonylation for sulfur compounds of different oxidation states.
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