Background: Study of the index (2D) and ring (4D) digit ratios and their association with some physical characteristics of South Indian Population was done to determine the values of 2D:4D digit ratios and their association with other anthropometric variables.Materials and Methods: 160 adults (80 males and 80 females) between ages of 18 years and above were randomly selected with exclusion of those with hand deformities. The digit lengths were measured from the basal crease to the tips using vernier calipers. The 2D:4D ratios were determined for each subject while height and weight were used to calculate the body mass index and data analyzed. Results:The results showed significant difference in 2D:4D ratio between males and females. (p<0.001). Mean height of males exceeded the mean height of females and the mean weight of males exceeded the mean weight of females .Mean BMI of males also exceeded that of females. There was a positive correlation between the second digit length and Height and weight in males and females both on right and left sides. There was also a significant correlation weight and second digit length in males.The 2D:4D ratio for both left and right hand did not show any positive correlation with height, weight or BMI of an individual from people of South India. Conclusion:The results show a positive correlation between the digit lengths and height in both males and females and between weight and second digit length in case of males but the 2D:4D digit ratio had no relationship to height ,weight or BMI.The analysis also demonstrated that the males have greater 2D:4D ratio compared to females. The results of the study can be of importance in the field of forensic anthropology.

No abstract

Sex determination of the unknown hip bone either of whole skeleton or any part of it, is always a field of research not only for anatomist but also for forensic expert, anthropologist and archaeologist. Hip bone was considered as ideal bone for sex determination after skull. The morphometry of 100 dry human hip bones, in south Indian population was done in order to evaluate the various parameters of the hip bone. Body proportions and absolute dimensions vary widely in respect to age, sex and racial groups.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy,YenepoyaMedical College, Yenepoya University, Mangalore. 100 hip bones of both sexes were used. The Osteometric parameters such as Length, Width, were measured using osteometric board, Weight electronic weighing machine. And Coxalindex of hip bone, were used formula, Length of hip bone ÷ Width of hip bone ×100. The data were analyzed statistically using SPSS software. In this study we included only healthy bones, deformed and eroded bones were excluded from the study. Results:The data obtained was statistically analyzed. Mean, Standard deviation and standard error of mean, tvalue and p-value, were determined for each parameter. Length of hip bone: (Mean for Female -18.31 cm, Male -20.29cm). Weight of hip bone: (Mean for Female -86.48gm, Male-121.72gm). Width of hip bone: (Mean for Female-13.50cm, male-14.38cm.). Coxal index: (Mean for Female-73.73, male-70.87.)All parameters show statistically highly significant (P-value <0.0001). All values were compared with series of other workers. Conclusion:In this study all the parameters were larger in males as compared to females and were found to be statistically highly significant. Difference were present in gross morphometric parameters, hence these measurements of the hip bone can be used for sex determination of unknown skeletons remains and in the forensic science for medico legal cases.

Organics must form an indispensable component of the manurial schedule for any crop. The present study was designed to study the effect of bio (BD) compost on biochemical parameters of soya bean plants on and 75 th day after sowing. The protein content was more in T of BD compost) on 30 th , 45 th , 60 th and 75 found to be maximum in T1 (3.5 kg of BD compost) on day. The chlorophyll 'a', 'b' and 'total' chlorophyll were highest in T BD compost) on 30 th , 45 th , 60 th and 75 content of the harvested seeds were significantly increased in T 75 th day. The biodynamic compost helps in improvement of crop quality and reduces environmental pollution. The study shows that utilization of biodynamic compost is beneficial for legumes to improve the quality of from the plants.

Anatomy is one of the basic and very important subject studied by medical students at the beginning of their medical career. Best method for learning anatomy is by dissection of human cadavers and this forms an indispensable part of training health care professionals. Since the numbers of medical institutions are increasing, there is an increased demand of cadavers for anatomic dissection. Body donation is an act of donating one's body after death for medical research and education. In this article an attempt has been made to collect literature related to body donation, its importance and the ethical issues related to body donation.