The diet was equally effective in those with and without diabetes.

A brief video intervention increased diabetes knowledge amongst those newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and may comprise an effective way of directing education to such individuals.

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Active surveillance (AS) is increasingly used to monitor patients with low-risk prostate cancer; however, approximately 50% of AS patients experience disease reclassification requiring definitive treatment and little is known about patient characteristics that modify the risk of reclassification. Obesity may be one of the major contributing factors.

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Background The goal of the Frequency of Eating and Satiety Hormones (FRESH) Study is to understand the relationship between eating frequency (EF) and biomarkers of appetite and disease risk. This report gives the study rationale and design. Methods The FRESH study was conducted in n = 50 overweight and obese, but otherwise healthy, male and female adults aged 18–50 years. The protocol included four in-person clinic visits for protocol instruction, blood draws, anthropometry, and meal testing; all other activities were done at home. Participants completed two 21-day phases in random order with a two-week washout between phases. One phase was high EF (6 eating occasions/day) and the other was low EF (3 eating occasions/day). Each phase specified time of day for each eating occasion. Participants prepared their own meals throughout the study using study-provided individualized, structured meal plans ensuring that calories, macronutrients and micronutrients were identical during both study phases. Fasting blood was collected before and after each phase to test intervention effects on the biomarkers. At the end of each phase participants also completed extended appetite testing with meals prepared by the study clinic. Results Participants were recruited using print, radio, and digital ads. 60 participants consented to enroll; 10 dropped out due to work or school scheduling conflicts and 50 (target sample size) completed the study. Compliance was assessed by completion of daily on-line meal plan checklists. Conclusions The FRESH study will provide data on whether higher vs. lower daily EF in the context of constant energy and nutrient intake may be harmful or beneficial based on intervention effects on biomarkers of health and disease risk.

It is currently unknown what factor(s) may promote entry into a weight loss plateau. Given intensive lifestyle interventions (ILI) for weight loss include changes in diet, we evaluated how diet quality impacts characteristics of a weight loss plateau. Daily weights were obtained remotely via electronic scale from 62 adults with obesity (73% female, mean age 42±11 y and BMI 37±5 kg/m2) undergoing a 24-week ILI. Periods (≥14 d) of active weight loss or plateau were identified by threshold regression modeling. Active weight loss was defined as a per day % weight change from baseline equivalent to ≥0.5 lb loss/wk and a weight loss plateau as ±0.25lbs/wk after a period of active weight loss (in which ≥3.5% weight loss was achieved). Three unannounced self-reported ASA24 dietary recalls were obtained at baseline and 3 mo. Diet quality was assessed by the healthy eating index (HEI)-2015. 53% reached a plateau after active weight loss (27% did not achieve >3.5% weight loss, 19% re-gained directly after loss). Weight loss (i.e., plateau depth) was associated with longer time to plateau (β=–10d, P<0.01). Higher baseline diet quality (total HEI) was associated with shorter time to plateau (β=–2.6d, P=0.03), but not overall depth of plateau (β=0.1%, P=0.28). Specifically, shorter time to plateau was related to lower baseline consumption of saturated fats (β=–15d, P=0.01) and greater plateau depth was related to lower baseline consumption of added sugars (β=1.3%, P=0.04). Mean diet quality improved minimally during ILI (ΔHEI 1.9±2.2). Lower baseline HEI correlated with greater improvement in diet quality at 3 mo (β=–0.5, P<0.001, N=46), but ΔHEI did not associate with any plateau characteristics (time: β=1.1d, P=0.15; depth: β=–0.1%, P=0.16, N=25). Higher diet quality upon entry into an ILI predicted a shorter duration of weight loss prior to reaching a plateau, suggesting that individuals with healthy eating patterns may derive less sustained weight loss benefit from participation in an ILI. Disclosure S.J.Melhorn: None. L.E.Sewaybricker: None. H.Gao: None. M.De leon: None. M.Webb: None. M.Lyle: None. S.J.Beatty: None. M.Kratz: Other Relationship; Nourished by Science LLC. E.Schur: None. Funding National Institutes of Health (DK089036, DK1176223, K24HL144917); University of Washington (NORC, DK035816)