Recent advancement of laser light scattering applications in biotechnology are reviewed with emphasis on their use in the biopharmaceutical industry. Light scattering methods have been used to date to characterize biomolecules in solution. They can provide information about the size and conformation of proteins and their aggregation state as well as their ability to crystallise. In addition, modern light scattering instrumentation is becoming method of choice for studying macromolecular interactions. Interactions between macromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids mediate fundamental processes and their modulation has led to new strategies for developing therapeutics. Light scattering approaches offer significant advantage to other approaches for studying molecular interactions. Compared with other techniques, light scattering is very quick, uses minimal sample quantities, allows recovery of the sample and does nor require derivatisation.
The proposed method is verified by designing several transformers. As an example, a 2.5 kW transformer is fully described. The experiments show good matching with the calculations.
CO 2 lasers with a longitudinal discharge and a slow gas flow can be used for surgical operations in medicine. This specific application defines certain requirements to the optical parameters of the generated laser radiation. They should be met by variations of the electric regime of the gas-discharge media. The present work is dedicated to the development and study of a control unit providing continuous and pulse-periodical modes of CO 2 laser operation, in accordance with the requirements for medical application.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.