Summary
Damage of the cervical cord is not rare in breech delivery with hyperextension of the fetal head. Among 57 cases from the literature and one of ours in which the angle of extension could be measured on X‐ray films, 20 had an extension angle greater than 90°. Of these, 11 were delivered vaginally and included 8 cases of damage to the cervical cord. It is recommended that elective Caesarean section be performed when the angle of extension exceeds 90°.
We have investigated the significance of single sporadic deceleration during reactive nonstress testing in normal pregnancies at term. A prospective study was performed during a 1-year period including 4742 nonstress tests performed between the 38th and 42nd weeks of pregnancy in patients referred to our department for antepartum testing and without any complication or pathology. Nonstress test (NST) was carried out with the patient lying on her left side, and was defined as reactive if at least two accelerations of 15 beats/min (bpm) or more lasting 15 sec were observed in a 20-min period. Sporadic deceleration was defined as a decrease in the fetal heart rate to less than 90 bpm or a decrease of 40 bpm below the baseline, lasting at least 2 min. The sporadic deceleration was considered as single when only one appeared in the first 20 min of monitoring and repeated when observed again once in at least one subsequent monitoring. Thirty-four cases of single sporadic deceleration were observed among women with reactive NST. In 14 cases there were repeated sporadic decelerations. The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of repeated decelerations. Outcomes of patients with repeated sporadic decelerations were compared with a group of 34 patients where sporadic decelerations were not observed during the antepartum testing. A significantly higher percentage of pathological fetal heart rate traces during labor were observed in the group of repeated decelerations. In conclusion the presence of repeated sporadic decelerations during a reactive NST suggests that the cause of cord compromise is persistent and recurrent cord compression is possible. Therefore, in these cases an increased fetal risk could be expected.
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