The purpose of the study was to determine the quantitative parameters of the psychophysiological characteristics of water polo players at the stage of preliminary basic training. Materials and methods. 26 water polo players took part in the study at the stage of preliminary basic training. Theoretical analysis and generalization, documentary method, measurement, methods of mathematical statistics were used in the study. Results and discussion. In recent years, the development of high-performance sports has led to an increase in the requirements for the technical and tactical training of highly qualified athletes and the duration of their sports careers, so the issue of finding alternative ways to increase the effectiveness of competitive activities has become urgent. Differentiated approaches to the training of athletes at various stages of long-term training, taking into account the psychophysiological characteristics of athletes, have been successfully implemented in various sports in recent years. Taking into account these trends, the issue of considering the psychophysiological characteristics of athletes when building the training process at various stages of long-term training becomes relevant. In the course of the study, the psychophysiological characteristics of water polo players were measured at the stage of preliminary basic training using the complex for psychophysiological testing "Neurosoft-psychotest". Indicators of simple visual-motor reaction, discrimination reaction, choice reaction, resistance to obstacles, reaction to a moving object and power endurance of the hand were taken into account. It has been established that water polo at the stage of the preliminary basic preparation will lead to a high accuracy of the reaction to the rough object, and also with this type of reaction, the number of reactions outweighs the number of reactions of delay. Conclusion. Because of the conducted research, the relevance of the study of psychophysiological characteristics in water polo is substantiated. The psychophysiological characteristics of water polo players at the stage of preliminary basic training were determined according to the following indicators: simple visual-motor reaction, discrimination reaction, choice reaction, reaction to a moving object, assessment of power endurance of the hand and resistance to obstacles. Water polo players at the stage of preliminary basic training are characterized by a high speed of a simple visual-motor reaction, at the level of 207.8 mms, as well as a high concentration of attention and the strength of nervous processes. High resistance to obstacles of water polo players at the stage of preliminary basic training is observed. The determined characteristics are possible to be used as model parameters of water polo players at the stage of preliminary basic training
At the present stage of sports development the intensity and volume of training sessions have increased to physiological maximum, requirements for technical and tactical training of highly qualified players and the duration of their stay in the sports arena have increased, so coaches, scientists and doctors are looking for reserves to improve performance. In recent years, differentiated approaches to the training of athletes at different stages of long-term training, taking into account the psychophysiological characteristics of athletes, have been successfully implemented in various sports. Given these trends, there is an urgent question of approach to technical and tactical training of water polo players, taking into account their psychophysiological characteristics. The purpose of the study was to determine the role of individual psychophysiological characteristics in the system of training athletes in water polo. Materials and methods. In the course of the research, we used the methods of theoretical analysis and generalization of literary sources, documentary method. In order to conduct a survey of water polo coaches, we conducted a survey. In order to analyze and process the results of the questionnaire, we used the methods of mathematical statistics. Results and discussion. To conduct a survey of water polo coaches, we developed a questionnaire that included questions about the specifics of water polo training, identifying the most talented water polo players in the early stages of long-term training and psychophysiological characteristics in the water polo training system. In the course of the research, we conducted a survey of water polo coaches on the peculiarities of taking into account the individual psychophysiological characteristics of athletes in the system of training in water polo. As a result of the survey, it was determined that psychophysiological characteristics are an important component of the system of training athletes in water polo. The most significant psychophysiological characteristics for water polo players of different game roles are determined. Conclusion. The study found that all coaches we interviewed (100%) believe it is necessary to take into account the psychophysiological characteristics of athletes in the selection and construction of training athletes in water polo. Psychophysiological characteristics of athletes are one of the most informative criteria for gifted athletes in water polo in the early stages of long-term training, according to 43% of respondents, along with anthropometric data of athletes (14%) and motivation for water polo (29%). As a result of the survey, respondents noted the most effective psychophysiological characteristics for different game roles, in particular for goalkeepers it is the speed of simple and complex motor reactions, for defenders – the ability to anticipate. For midfielders it is speed of thinking and decision making and for attackers it is speed of motor reactions and speed of thinking
The purpose of the study was to analyze the features of the international sports movement of people with intellectual disabilities at the present stage – in the period since 2003 to 2019. The following tasks were realized: to characterize the main historical events in the development of the international sports movement of the Special Olympics in the third period (since 2003); to establish the dynamics of quantitative indicators of the development of the international sports movement of the Special Olympics at the present stage; to identify modern trends in the international sports movement of the Special Olympics. Materials and methods. Such methods were used in the study: theoretical level: analogy, analysis and synthesis, historical methods (comparative-historical and retrospective); sociological research methods: analysis of documentary materials; methods of mathematical statistics. Results and discussion. The analysis takes into account the trends of humanization, democratization and integration of global society, which became the basis for the powerful development of adaptive sports. Quantitative indicators of the Special Olympiad program were used to analyze this period: the total number of athletes (increased more than by 2 times), the number of coaches (increased by 2.2 times), the number of competitions increased by 3.5 times), the number of partners (increased by 2.2 times), as well as the content and characteristics of major events (including non-sporting), which is an integral part of the international movement of Special Olympics. As a result of our study the trends of development of the international sports movement for persons with deviations of mental development are specified. Compared to previous literature data, which characterized the phenomenon during a long historical period (since its foundation in 1968 to 2012), the following trends were additionally highlighted for the first time: active cooperation with sponsors (expansion of partners), which ensures stable further development; introduction of the #InclusionRevolution campaign; launching global non-sporting events to promote the Special Olympics movement, breaking stereotypes of negative attitudes towards people with intellectual disabilities (forums, summits, congresses). Conclusion. Important events of the third period of the International Sports Movement of Special Olympiads are characterized. Stable positive dynamics of indicators of the number of competitions, the number of coaches, the number of athletes, the number of athletes and partners was revealed, which testifies to the effective development of the Special Olympics movement. Most of the trends in the development of the International Sports Movement of Special Olympics at the present stage, described in previous studies, have been confirmed
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