SUMMARY :Field experiments were conducted to study the influence of high density planting system in cotton genotypes on the growth and yield and its influence on light interception and weed densityduring winter season of 2011-12 and 2012-13. The experiments were laid out in strip plot design and replicated thrice with four cotton genotypes viz., SVPR 3, Anjali, Suraj and LH 900 and four spacings viz., 30 × 30 cm, 45 × 30 cm, 60 × 30 cm and 90 × 30 cm. In the experimental field, broad leaved weeds were the dominant weeds followed by sedges and grasses. In the year 2011-12 and 2012-13, the weed species of Cynodandactylon, Panicumrepens, Rotoboliacochinsinensis among grasses. Cyperusrotundus was the only sedge weed found in the experimental site. Trianthemaportulacastrum, Partheniumhysterophorus, Digeraarvensis,Amaranthusviridis, Corchorusolitorius and Euphorbia hirta were predominant broad leaved weeds flora found in experimental field. The weed density and their dry matter production were lower at closer plant spacing of 30 × 30 cm and 45 × 30 cm. From this study, it could be concluded and recommended that Anjali variety adopted with a closer plant spacing of 30 × 30 cm for higher seed cotton yield and profitability in rainfed condition.How to cite this article : Arunvenkatesh, S., Rajendran, K. and Baskaran, R. (2017). Effect of plant geometry on light interception and weed density in cotton under rainfed vertisols. Agric.Update, 12(TECHSEAR-2) : 421-425;
SUMMARY :Field experiments were conducted during Rabi and Kharif season of 2012 and 2013 at northern block of Cotton Research Station, Veppantattai, to study the effect of tillage and weed management methods on weeds dynamics and yield of maize -sunflower cropping system under irrigated conditions. The experiments were laid out in strip plot design with three replications. Main plot treatment consisted of three tillage methods viz., conventional tillage, minimum tillage and zero tillage. Five weed management methods viz., pre-emergence application of herbicide (atrazine @ 0.5 kg ha -1 for maize and pendimenthalin @1.0 kg ha -1 for sunflower) followed by hand weeding on 40 DAS, pre-emergence application of herbicide (atrazine @ 0.5 kg ha -1 for maize and pendimenthalin @ 1.0 kg ha -1 for sunflower) followed by power weeding on 40 DAS, hand weeding twice on 20 and 40 DAS, Power weeding on 20 and 40 DAS along with an unweeded check for both the crops consisted as the sub plot treatments. The maize seeds of NK 6240 and sunflower hybrid seed sunbred were sown on 60 x 25 cm. spacing. Recommended fertilizer dose of 250:75:75 kg NPK/ha for maize and 60: 30: 30 kg NPK / ha for sunflower were applied in the form of urea, single super phosphate and murate of potash. Conventional tillage recorded higher uptake nutrients in Maize -sunflower copping system. Integrated weed management by pre-emergence application of atrazine 0.5 kg ha -1 for maize and pendimethalin 1.0 kg ha -1 for sunflower followed by a hand weeding on 40 DAS (M 1 W 1 ) for each crop resulted in higher plant dry matter and consequently highest N, P and K nutrients uptake by the plants and leads to higher yield.How to cite this article : Baskaran, R., Kavimani, R. and Arunvenkatesh, S. (2017).Influence of tillage and weed management methods on nutrient uptake and yield in maize -sunflower cropping system. Agric. Update, 12 (TECHSEAR-2) : 426-430;
: Agriculture is extremely vulnerable to climate change. High temperatures eventually reduce yields of desirable crops while encouraging weed and pest proliferation. The present CO 2 of 380 ppm, projected to double by the end of the century, could benefit the rice crop by increasing photosynthesis and biomass depending on rice cultivar, growth stage and environment (IPCC, 2007). The Inter Governmental Panel on Climate Change defined Climate change as a "change in the state of the climate that can be identified by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer". It refers to any change in climate over time, whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity (IPCC, 2007). The present CO 2 of 380 ppm, projected to double by the end of the century, could benefit the rice crop by increasing photosynthesis and biomass depending on rice cultivar, growth stage and environment (IPCC, 2007). Although elevated CO 2 could enhance photosynthesis, especially in C 3 crop like rice, it is a potential component to trap the short Wave radiations from the earth surface only to be redirected back to increase the global surface mean temperature. Increased biomass production due to elevated CO 2 could potentially increase yield, provided microsporogenesis, flowering, and grain-filling are not disrupted by environmental stresses such as drought or high temperature. The adaptation strategies for changing climate are, Screening of CO 2 -responsiveness and temperature-tolerant varieties, Changing cultivation method, Site-specific adjustment in crop management (shifting planting dates and improved water management), Geographic analysis of vulnerable regions (where the rice crop is already experiencing critical temperature levels), Regional climate modelling to identify future "tilting points" of rice production (temperatures or CO 2 levels above which major yield losses are experienced) HOW
Field experiments were conducted during winter season of 2011-12 and 2012-13 at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore to study the feasibility of using cotton genotypes under high density planting system and to assess its effect on seed cotton yield, oil content and fibre quality parameters. The experiments were laid out in a strip plot design, replicated thrice. The soil in the experimental site was sandy clay loam with low available nitrogen (182 kg/ha), medium available phosphorus (12.6 kg/ha) and high available potassium (340 kg/ha). The experiment consisted of seven cotton genotypes viz., Jai, Ranjeet, TCH 1608, SVPR 3, Anjali, Suraj and LH 900 with four spacings viz., 30 × 30, 45 × 30, 60 × 30 and 90 × 30 cm. Ranjeet planted at the spacing of 30 × 30 cm recorded significantly higher seed cotton yield. The percentage of oil content was significantly higher in Ranjeet genotype than other cotton genotypes. The fibre quality parameters viz., fibre length, fibre strength, micronaire, elongation percentage were significantly influenced by different cotton genotypes. The oil content and fibre quality was not significantly influenced by plant densities.
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