No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Considering the importance of time in today's world and the rising traffic congestion in urban areas, using methods to reduce wait times and air pollution can have a significant impact on promoting urban management. Given the uncertainty in the number of vehicles and the emission rate of vehicles, a complex T intersection with three traffic lights was simulated in this study. Three objective functions were defined for the mean of wait time, average queue length, and aggregate pollutant emission of the vehicles in queue. First, regression equations for each of the variables were obtained by a full factorial design and analysis of variance, and the optimal period for each traffic light was then computed with a utility function approach. Finally, the results were compared to the results obtained from the optimization of each response variable OptQuest for Arena software.