Color is the main feature of any food item as it enhances the appeal and acceptability of food. In the recent years, coloring of food with pigments produced from natural sources is of worldwide interest and is gaining importance. Several types of dyes are available in the market as colouring agents to food commodities but biocolorants are now gaining popularity and considerable significance due to consumer awareness because synthetic dyes cause severe health problems. Though many natural colors are available, microbial colorants play a significant role as food coloring agents, because of their production and easy down stream processing. Industrial production of natural food colorants by microbial fermentation has several advantages such as cheaper production, easier extraction, higher yields through strain improvement, no lack of raw materials and no seasonal variations.
One of the main challenges in video transmission is understanding and adapting to the varying network bandwidth. The traditional approach of bandwidth estimation is not accurate as there are many factors like congestion that can delay the arrival rate of the ping packet which may lead to a misconception that the bandwidth was low. Thus, the better approach to this problem will be to estimate the link conditions based on the buffer fullness. In this paper, a new system to support streaming of live and stored video through wireless network is proposed which is based on adaptive playback buffer management on the top of HTTP at the client. The buffer fullness is treated as a direct state variable that reflects the fluctuation of the network bandwidth. The buffer fullness estimation predicts the buffer status at a point in the future based on observations of the buffer over a stipulated period of time. The proposed algorithm uses non-linear exponential non-parametric regression for computing the decision parameter. A feedback message is then sent to the server in order to change the quality of the video stream for smoother video play at the client side. The synchronized update and feedback between the server and clients is achieved using HTTP protocol. During the experimentation with live video streaming, the proposed algorithm shows an improvement of 24.48% in average peak signal-to-noise ratio and 6.63% in average structural similarity index against the buffer underflow probability algorithm.
Purpose:The Ayurvedic herbs are in high demand in the present day market. Many species are used in the name of authentic drugs, along with this substitute and adulterant drugs are also in use. There is some controversy in the identification of the drugs. Many synonyms mentioned in the classical texts and lexicons describing about the plant is one of the causes of the controversy in identification. Prsniparni is one such herb among the Dasamulas which is used as different species based on the regional availability. Uraria picta is used in the northern parts of the country where as Psuedarthria viscida is used in the southern regions. Uraria lagopoidiodes and Desmodium gangeticum are also used in the name of Prsniparni. The aim of the study was to develop quality standards for authentic, substitute and adulterant species using etymological analysis, microscopy, histochemistry and phytochemistry.Method:Etymological analysis was carried out to correlate the synonyms mentioned in Ayurvedic texts with the botanical descriptions of plant candidates. The synonym that matches with the botanical description was given ‘1’ point and where it does not match was given ‘0’. Anatomical, histological, powder microscopy and histochemical studies were conducted. Physicochemical, phytochemical and HPTLC analysis were done to develop quality standards for the species traded as Prsniparni.Result:The synonyms mainly describe about morphology, inflorescence and leaves. The name Prsniparni describes it is a small plant with markings on the leaves. Many synonyms correlate with the U.picta. Microscopical studies and HPTLC studies showed similarities with U. picta and U.lagopoidiodes. Similarities on anatomical, HPTLC finger prints were developed to authenticate the species.Conclusion:U. picta scores the maximum number of points followed by U. lagopoidiodes., D. gangeticum is Salaparni and P.viscida scores the least points so it cannot be considered as authentic. So the most authentic drug of Prsniparni is Uraria picta Linn.
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