A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) made of nanoporous ZnO film on aluminum-doped zinc oxide (ZnO/AZO) transparent substrate has higher solar-to-electric energy conversion efficiency than a DSC consisting of nanoporous ZnO film deposited on conventional fluorine-doped tin oxide (ZnO/FTO) transparent substrate. The ZnO/AZO DSC gave an overall conversion efficiency of 7.2% whereas the ZnO/FTO yielded a conversion efficiency of 4.5%. The film-substrate orientation and higher light harvesting of the nanoporous ZnO film on the AZO after heating in air are mainly attributed to the higher energy conversion efficiency of the ZnO/AZO DSC.
-Tin oxide thin film deposited on to glass substrates by the process of DC reactive magnetron sputtering has been used in our work. These films were characterized for their thermoelectric behavior. Further, a novel method has been developed to enhance the Seebeck coefficient of these films. Prior to the oxide film deposition on the glass substrate, thin metal films have been deposited at the two ends of the sample. High conductivity metals such as chromium, silver and copper were used for this purpose. On characterizing these films for their thermoelectric property, a high Seebeck coefficient of 400 µV/ 0 C has been achieved. In addition to this, we also report the results of the gas sensing behavior of a sensor developed using this film which exhibited a maximum response to acetone gas at a relatively low temperature of 110 0 C.
Activated carbon prepared from waste wheat husk was used to remove Ni (II) from aqueous solution by adsorption. Batch adsorption studies were carried out by varying the contact time, initial Ni (II) ion concentration in the aqueous solution, adsorbent dosage, pH and temperature. Maximum adsorption was observed with the pH of 6.0, contact time of 4.0 h, adsorbent 0 dosage of 1.50 g/150 ml and at the temperature of 30 C. It was indicated from the results that the effective removal of Nickel (II) 0 ion was obtained by activating the carbon prepared from wheat husk which was heated to 600 C.Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to describe the equilibrium nature of Ni (II) adsorption. The adsorption capacity (q ) calculated from e Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were found to be 11.83 mg /g and 11.96 mg/g at pH 6.0 at 303 K. The removal of Ni (II) was found to be 80.1% for the initial Ni (II) concentration of 10 mg/l and adsorbent dosage of 0.50g/150ml. In the isotherm studies, the experimental adsorption data fitted well the Freundlich isotherm for the activated carbon from wheat husk. The results of the thermodynamic investigations indicate that the adsorption reactions are spontaneous (G<0), slightly endothermic (H >0) and irreversible (S>0)
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