Screening for phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) taste insensitivity was performed and PTC taste threshold values using 13 solutions were obtained for 102 newly detected male diabetics and 103 male non-diabetics aged 21–40 years. The study revealed a significant difference in taste sensitivity to the bitterness of PTC crystals between the diabetics and non-diabetics, the former being less sensitive than the latter (16.7 vs. 6.8%).
Background: clinically detectable diabetic nephropathy is based on albumin excretion and glomerular filtration rate that mainly reflects the glomerular damage. New biomarkers have arisen with the promise of detecting kidney damage prior to the currently used markers. Objectives: to assess the usefulness of the urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and kidney injury molecule-1 for the early diagnosis of diabetic kidney disease in type2 diabetes mellitus and to estimate their relation to the degree of nephropathy in comparison to the level of albuminuria and other parameters. Design: cross sectional study. Setting: the internal medicine department -al-zahraa university hospital and endocrinology department -helwan university hospital from 2014 / 2015. Patients and methods: seventy diabetic patients were chosen and divided into 3 subgroups (normoalbuminuric, microalbuminuric and macroalbuminuric), compared to 19 healthy controls. For all participants, clinical examination, urine analysis, fasting and 2hours post prandial serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin a1c%, serum cholesterol, triglycerides, serum creatinine, urea, estimated glomerular filtration rate, urinary albumin to creatinine ratio, urinary kim-1 and ngal were done. Results: both urinary ngal and kim-1 correlated positively with urinary albumin, disease duration and hba1c. Ukim-1 correlated negatively with estimated glomerular filtration rate. The cutoff point to differentiate the normoalbuminuric group from control for ukim-1 was 88.5ng/l. The diagnostic sensitivity was 91.6%, diagnostic specificity was 84%. At the cutoff value 3.25 μg/l for ungal the diagnostic sensitivity was 100%, diagnostic specificity was 89.4%. Conclusion: ukim-1 and ungal are sensitive and specific markers for detection of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type2 diabetes mellitus.
Design and MethodsWistar albino male rats were fed a HFD (55 % energy from fat and 2 % cholesterol) to develop IR and on the 10th day injected with a low dose of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg i.p.) to induce type 2 diabetes. After confi rmation of hyperglycaemia ( Ͼ 13·89 mmol/l) on the 14th day, different doses of naringin (25-100 mg/kg per d) and rosiglitazone (5 mg/kg per d) were administered orally for the next 28 d while maintaining the HFD.Results Naringin signifi cantly decreased IR, hyperinsulinaemia, hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, TNF-␣, IL-6, CRP and concomitantly increased adiponectin and -cell function in a dose-dependent manner. Naringin increased PPAR␥ expression in liver and kidney; phosphorylated tyrosine insulin receptor substrate 1 in liver; and heat shock protein-27 and 72 in pancreas, liver and kidney. In contrast, NF-B expression in these tissues along with sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c and liver X receptor-expressions in liver were signifi cantly diminished. Additionally, microscopic observations validated that naringin effectively rescues -cells, hepatocytes and kidney from HFD-STZmediated oxidative damage and pathological alterations. ConclusionsThis seminal study provides evidence that naringin ameliorates IR, dyslipidaemia, -cell dysfunction, hepatic steatosis and kidney damage in type 2 diabetic rats by partly regulating oxidative stress, infl ammation and dysregulated adipocytokines production through upregulation of PPAR␥, HSP-27 and 72. Objectives1. To identify the impact of metabolic syndrome (MetS) components on risk of microalbuminuria (MAU).
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