The study was carried out with the interest of investigate the beef cattle production system. A baseline survey was conducted on beef cattle production in Bangladesh from two districts of each division. The study was conducted to up-date knowledge on the state of beef fatteners in their own environment. The findings of the baseline survey revealed that major beef fatteners (90%) in Rajshahi division started their cattle fattening using own money, followed by 50%, 40%, 50%, 40%, 50% and 55% in Dhaka, Khulna, Barishal, Chattogram, Sylhet and Rangpur, respectively. The average size (4.93) of livestock holding per farm in Barishal division was considerably higher than that of Dhaka (4.35), Khulna (4.71), Rajshahi (3.83), Chattogram (3.35), Sylhet (4.29) and Rangpur (3.69), respectively. In the study area, the average size (2.14, 2.63 and 2.77) of indigenous cattle per farm in the division of Khulna, Barishal and Rangpur, respectively was considerably lower than those (3.47, 3.27, 3.40 and 3.93) of Dhaka, Rajshahi, Chattogram and Sylhet division, respectively. The average duration (18.6 month) of the fattening program was considerably higher in Dhaka division than that (11.6 month) of Rangpur division. Majority of the farmers followed semi-intensive feeding system. The amount of rice straw/h/d supplied to the beef cattle is remarkably lower (3.57 and 3.72 kg) in Rajshahi and Rangpur division than those (4.38, 4.57, 4.82, 4.32 and 4.32) in the division of Dhaka, Khulna, Barishal, Chattogram and Sylhet, respectively. The amount of concentrates supplied (817.86, 814.71 and 887.50 g) to their beef cattle in Barishal, Sylhet and Rangpur, respectively was considerably higher than those (758.82, 721.43, 772.22 and 739.71 g) of Dhaka, Khulna, Rajshahi and Chattogram division, respectively. In conclusion, there were differences in demographic information, source of capitals for fattening, herd size, duration of fattening, production system and feeding system among the divisions of Bangladesh.
The objective of this study was to examine the effect of age on the grading of carcass of indigenous cattle. This experiment was conducted with five (5) treatments (T1 , T2 , T3 , T4 and T5 ) where T1 = 0 Permanent incisor, T2 = 2 Permanent incisors, T3 = 4 Permanent incisors, T4 = 6 Permanent incisors, T5 = 8 Permanent incisors having ten (10) replications. From this study, the mean rib eye muscle area (REA) and the mean rib fat thickness was 43.26, 49.93, 61.38, 70.43, 69.24 cm2 and 0.61, 0.68, 0.66, 1.07 and 0.97 cm with T1 , T2 , T3, T4 and T5 , respectively. The mean retail cut percentage of our indigenous beef cattle was 52.36, 52.27, 53.32, 52.69 and 52.58 with T1 , T2 , T3, T4 and T5 dental age groups, respectively. It also reveals that the overall maturity (on the basis of skeletal maturity and lean maturity) of indigenous beef cattle was A80 , B 90 , C 90, D80 and E 80 withT1 , T2 , T3, T4 and T5 dental age groups, respectively. Indigenous cattle population was fallen in the marbling sub groups of Slight91 , Small90, Small59, Modest57 and Moderate40 with T1 , T2 , T3, T4 and T5 dental age groups, respectively. With the combination of overall maturity and marbling score, indigenous cattle for beef production possess in the quality grade of Select, Choice, Commercial, Utility and Utility with respect to T1 , T2 , T3, T4 and T5 dental age groups. Indigenous cattle did not satisfy the criteria for the highest quality grade e.g., Prime to Standard and the lowest quality grade e.g. Cutter to Canner. In conclusion, dental age maturity had a highly significant (p<0.001) effect on average skeletal maturity, marbling score of the carcass and also had a significant (p<0.01) effect on rib fat thickness as well as on rib eye muscle area (REA) irrespective of all age group of indigenous beef carcass in Bangladesh. This research will play a vital role in the path toward the development of Bangladeshi beef standards and will be helpful to grade indigenous beef cattle at butcher or commercial beef industries level.
The objective of this study was to know the effect of dental age on the meat yield characteristics of indigenous beef carcasses. This experiment was conducted with five (5) treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5) where T1 = 0 Permanent incisor, T2 = 2 Permanent incisors, T3 = 4 Permanent incisors, T4 = 6 Permanent incisors, T5 = 8 Permanent incisors having ten (10) replications. From the experiment it shows that live and hot carcass weight increased significantly in T1 and T2 compared to T3, T4 and T5. Cold carcass weight (CCW) increased significantly with the advancement of dental maturity. KPH% was highest in T4 and lowest in T3 whereas round and loin% were highest in T4 and T3 respectively but both are lowest in T1. Lungs with trachea, liver and kidney weight% were significantly higher in T1 than others group. In conclusion, maximum live weight gain and hot carcass weight were achieved in the dental age groups of two to four permanent incisors.
In Bangladesh’s south-central coastal zone, there is considerable potential to intensify crop production by growing dry winter season ‘Boro’ rice, maize, wheat, pulses and oilseeds using irrigation from southward flowing and predominantly freshwater rivers. However, the impacts of surface water withdrawal for irrigation and its safe operating space remain unclear. We used field measurements and simulation modeling to investigate the effects of irrigation water withdrawal for Boro rice – the most water-consumptive crop that can be grown by farmers – on river water flow and salinity under different climate change and river flow scenarios. Under the baseline conditions of 2015, about 250,000 ha could potentially be irrigated with river water that has salinity levels below 2 dS/m. The impact on river water salinity would be minimal, and only between 0.71 to 1.12% of the cropland would shift from the 0-2 dS/m class to higher salinity levels. Similarly, a minor change in water flow and salinity was simulated for the moderate climate change scenario (RCP 4.5) that forecasts a sea level rise of 22 cm in 2050. Only under the extreme climate change scenario (RCP 8.5), resulting in a sea level rise of 43 cm by 2050, and low flow conditions that are exceeded in 90 percent of the cases, the 2 dS/m isohaline would move landward by 64 to 105 km in March and April for the Tentulia and Buriswar Rivers. This would expose an additional 36.6% of potentially irrigable cropland to salinity levels of 2 to 4 dS/m. However, Boro rice is already well established by that time and can tolerate greater levels. We conclude that there is considerable scope to expand irrigated crop production without negatively exposing the cropland and rivers to detrimental salinization levels while preserving the ecosystem services of the rivers.
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