In the present study, treatment of spent wash from distilleries was studied using graphene oxide (GO) flakes incorporated in polyethersulfone (PES) mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). Two different additives such as poly acrylic acid (PAA) and lithium chloride (LiCl) were also used separately in the casting dope solution of PES/GO. GO TEM analysis revealed that particles are wrinkled sheets-like multilayer structure. Multilayer structures exhibit better intercalate with polymer matrix to produce hybrid nanocomposite membranes. The TGA analysis has shown that GO has good miscibility in PES membrane. Water flux has been improved progressively for the additive combined GO incorporated PES MMMs. Further, contact angle value of the neat PES membrane showed 70.8 which was significantly reduced up to 58.4 for PES/GO/PAA membrane. This ensures that membrane surface hydrophilicity was improved considerably due to the existence of both groups, GO and PAA. Moreover, the membrane performance was evaluated in terms of permeate flux, flux recovery ratio and color removal efficiency for synthetic melanoidin solution as well as distillery spent wash effluent. A maximum of 54% color removal was observed for distillery spent wash effluent.
Prior studies have shown that neglecting the vapor wall loss could lead to the underestimation of the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) yields in smog chamber experiments. The majority of the previous studies investigated vapor wall loss of a wide range of semi-volatile organic vapors at room temperatures using extensive chemical analysis. This study poses a question: Can vapor wall deposition in a smog chamber be observed only using physical measurements of aerosol properties? This study assesses the significance of vapor wall loss using only the size evolution of pure organic compound particles. To our knowledge, this technique is used for the first time in
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.