Using a clinical case of three brothers, we discuss a spontaneous, self-organizing family system framework that prevents withdrawal from therapy and acting-out of the borderline clients diagnosed with alcohol dependence. This multi-family framework includes several family members and rests on the symbiotic and co-dependent relational patterns between the clients and their mothers. We discuss the positive and negative aspects of this framework and options for changing it.
The article provides information on the lung dead space – a part of the respiratory volume that does not participate in gas exchange. The anatomical and alveolar dead spaces jointly together form the physiological dead space. The article describes methods for determining the volume of dead spaces using the capnovolumetry. The volume of physiological dead space is calculated using the C. Bohr equation. The volume of anatomical dead space can be determined using the equal area method proposed by W.S. Fowler. The volume of the alveolar dead space is the difference of volumes of the physiological and anatomical dead spaces. In pathology, the volume of the alveolar space and, consequently, physiological dead space can increase significantly. Determination of the volume of dead space is the significant criterion for diagnostic and predicting the outcome of a number of diseases. Keywords: Physiological dead space , anatomical dead space , alveolar dead space , capnovolumetry, volumetric capnography.
Youth's mental health in Ukraine has noticeably got worse during last ten years: the frequency of cases of anxiety disorders, social fobia, depression, PTSD, suicides and behaviour disturbance has grown. The results of epidemiological and clinical researches show that their significant reasons are the following: chronic social unstability, unexpected getting worse of economic situation of the majority of citizens, growth of frequency of family disfunctions and divorces, child abuse, family violence and neglect, absence of needed Governmental reforms in psychiatry. One of the ways of improvement of mental health may be developing of new system of Community Mental Health Services in Ukraine. It has the most SIgnificant orientation on needs of people in the field of mental health, and it is closely connected with activity of other Community-based SOCIal and psychological programs and NGO's. The six-years' experience of activities of Youth and Family Social Psychological Support Agency of Odessa (NGO) may serve as confirmation of success of this approach in mental health. The key to its succes lies in decentralized, relatively non-hierarchical organizational structure wich allows committed and skilled multidisciplinary teams to work with youth and their families in their community. Partnerships among professionals, patients, families and community agencies result in work that is creative, productive and effective. The development of Community Mental Health Services in Ukraine constantly meets counteraction of the State Medical Administration, their non-understanding and non-trustful attitude to NGO's in Community, Government's corruption and absence of financial support from the Government.
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