Genetic diversity of quinoa around the world is narrow which may threaten the ability of breeders to improve and increase the crop yield. A field experiment was carried out at the experimental farm at Ras Sudr, South Sinai Governorate during growing season 2012/2013. Yield, its components and the genetic variation among five quinoa genotypes viz: Kvlsra 2, Kvlsra 3, Regalona, Q-37 and Q-52 were evaluated under Ras Sudr conditions. The results indicated that the genotype Q-37 followed by Regalona cultivar recorded the highest mean values for seed yield. The correlation for mean performances were positive and high significant among number of heads and each of heads yield, 1000-seed weight, seed yield and straw yield, such traits may be taken in account in quinoa breeding programs.Biochemical and molecular markers were used to identify the level of polymorphism and to study the genetic relationships among the five quinoa genotypes. Seventeen polymorphic protein bands produced (59%) of polymorphism. Regalona cultivar and Q-37 revealed that highest number of protein unique bands which could be considered as marker for salinity tolerance. Five isozymes systems including POD, ACPH, β-EST, α-EST and ADH revealed six polymorphic bands and produced moderate polymorphism (53%) and two unique bands for Q-37 as markers for salinity tolerance. Five RAPD primers produced fifteen polymorphic bands, and produced the highest polymorphism (66%). Q-37 genotype produced the highest number of unique bands as specific band for salinity tolerance. The dendrogram for the genetic relationships of the five quinoa genotypes based on overall markers separated them into two major groups. The first group included Q-37 genotype and Regalona cultivar and the second group were included Kvlsra 2, Kvlsra 3 and Q-52 genotypes.From the previous results, a considerable level of variations were detected among five quinoa genotypes by biochemical and molecular markers which can help to select the most suitable genotypes Q-37 and Regalona cultivar for stress tolerance, good yield, presented considerable interest for the genetic studies, plant improvement and accepted by farmer to enter breeding programs and for reclamation salt affected lands. The mean squares for all traits were significant among the five quinoa genotypes.

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Selection for physiological characteristic and evaluation the performance and degree of drought tolerance of the six selected faba bean cultivars and their F1 crosses were tested under two levels of soil moisture. Randomized complete blocks design with three replicates was used in each experiment, (normal & stress environments) during the two growing seasons 2006/07, 2007/08 at North Sinai Research Station, Desert Research Center. The results indicated that significant mean squares due to genotypes were obtained for all characters under both environments and the combined data. The ratio of specific combining ability (S.C.A.) × environment (Env.) /S.C.A. was much higher than ratios of general combining ability (G.C.A.) × environment Env./G.C.A. for all characters except plant height and number of branches. The parental Giza 429 (P4), Giza 716 (P5) and Giza 2 (P6) gave positive and significant (ĝi) for yield and one or more of its components under normal and stress irrigation as well as the combined data. Meanwhile, the cross combination Nubaria 1 (P4) × Giza 429 (P1) appeared to be the best promising hybrid for breeding to increase seed yield per plant which gave significant positive Ŝij for yield and some of its component under both environments as well as the combined data.

rought is an influential environmental stress that limits faba bean growth and development, leading to a substantial reduction in their productivity in both arid and semi-arid region of the world. However, the responses of faba bean to drought have not been illustrated very well at molecular level. Six cultivars of faba beans and their fifteen hybrids in F2 were used to investigate the transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome changes. In the present study, two-weeks-old seedlings were deficit by seven days drought stress, whereas control seedlings were watered regularly. The results indicated that water deficiency negatively influences substantial physiological and metabolic parameters in faba bean crop. Under drought stress, values of biomass and chlorophyll in the

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