Background. At present, the demand in tropospheric over-the-horizon communication systems determines the inherent advantages of these systems over satellite and radio-relay systems of direct visibility, especially in combat and emergency situations. Although the fundamentals of the theory of tropospheric scattering were developed as early as the middle of the last century, the development of over-the-horizon systems requires constant refinements of known theoretical positions in accordance with new data on the nature of tropospheric scattering, atmospheric inhomogeneities, capabilities of new methods for calculating and estimating radio propagation. Objective. The aim of the work is to develop a radio link model of a trans-horizon tropospheric communication to study the possibility of controlling (improving) attenuation on such a route by changing the electrophysical characteristics of the environment, in particular atmospheric turbulence, or using artificial formations in the atmosphere. Methods. The created model is based on the Ray-tracing method. Results. A model of radio link losses in the over-horizon tropospheric communication (long-range tropospheric propagation) was developed, based on the ray-tracing technique in two versions: simplified, with homogeneous layers, and full, with a combination of blocks of structures of scattering spheres in each of the layers. A study of the possibility of improving attenuation along the tropospheric scattering pathway by regulating changes in the electrophysical parameters of inhomogeneities and artificial formations in the atmosphere was conducted. Conclusions. The convergence of the results of the simulation with the data obtained by known / traditional analytical models for calculating the losses on the tropospheric scattering path confirms the adequacy of the proposed model to the statistical data of the real losses in tropospheric scattering. The obtained results indicate that, for practical purposes, the accuracy of calculations of the loss characteristics is sufficient and that they can be used to form a tropospheric dispersion route with significantly reduced loss values by artificially adding a certain liquid or solid substance to the atmospheric heterogeneity.
Background. Currently, of great interest for developers of modern distributed electronic communications systems are communication architectures based on a swarm (a connected set of separate mobile devices-nodes) of drones (small unmanned aerial vehicles, UAVs). At the same time, RFID technology is increasingly being used with various security systems. The field of joint application of RFID and UAV technologies has now become very extensive, as demonstrated by many publications.Objective. The aim of the paper is to present the possibility of using radio frequency identification technology when a swarm of drones operates in the communication system mode, that is, the use of RFID to form control and traffic channels of a distributed self-organizing drone system.Methods. The structural and functional methods of constructing a wireless network based on a drone swarm are investigated.Results. An analytical review of the literature on the combined use of RFID and UAVs is presented. High interest in this topic is shown. A scenario has been developed for a swarm of drones operating in a self-organizing communication system using RFID technology.The procedure for exchange of control commands in a swarm using RFID is described. A feature of this procedure is the presence of drone authorization in it, which can be performed using inductive coupling, when all drones in the swarm have their own specific passive tags, which are triggered (emitted) only if a signal from the reader hits them.The frequency ranges and transmission powers of RFID systems are presented, which can be used for the scenario presented in the paper.Conclusions. The use of RFID, first of all, makes it possible to provide an increase in protection against external interception of control channels, a decrease in the likelihood of external interference, and a decrease in the energy consumption of the on-board battery. Further research may include numerical modeling of the operation of a swarm of drones in the mode of a self-organizing communication system using RFID technology.
Background. An increase in the number of users and services with the support of the required quality of service, an increase in the coverage area of one operator's radio access network, and most importantly, the emergence of packet-switched technologies and systems, has led to a significant complication of the core mobile communications network and its nodes, an increase in the functionality and intellectualization of the network core. Gradually, it was the core network and the technologies of its functioning that became more significant than the radio access network. Hence, for the construction of mobile communication systems, more integrated information and telecommunication technologies, especially from the field of network and information technologies, became popular. Objective. The aim of the paper is to present the concept of the architecture of mobile infocommunication systems as systems whose services make a significant, even decisive, contribution to the functioning of the infrastructure of modern society, built on the constant exchange and assimilation of information. Methods. The structural and functional methods of constructing the architectures of information and telecommunication systems are investigated. Results. The signaling network of mobile infocommunications manages the maintenance of both individual wireless user terminals (telephones, smartphones, tablets), and many wireless inter-machine communication devices and the Internet of Things. In addition, the same alarm system supports various telecommunication networks of wireless subscriber access, automobile and other vehicles; creates an interface with wired / cable access networks. Thus, the core network of mobile infocommunications can fully integrate interfaces with all types of telecommunications, which are designed to transmit many low-speed data streams, as well as to transmit high-speed data streams. There is a tendency to take over traditional old services, for example, the public telephone network and radio-relay communication lines, and turn them into private services of the mobile infocommunication network, which further enhances their importance. All this creates the prerequisites for the transformation of mobile infocommunication operator systems into the main (determining) players in the telecommunications market. Confirmation of this is the high characteristics that are to be achieved in the networks of the 5th and 6th generations of mobile infocommunications. Conclusions. Mobile infocommunication systems have become a defining component of all telecommunication services provided to users and non-servicing nodes of sensor networks, and the infrastructure of core networks and access networks of mobile infocommunications has begun to determine the general technical infrastructure of telecommunications.
Background. Currently, a new direction in the technology of mobile systems is rapidly developing, associated with the use of a set / group of mobile multifunctional elements that can create different spatially-distributed structures for various applications: from entertainment shows to intelligence networks. This is a technique of small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), often called drones, and their use in the field of building telecommunication systems. Objective. The aim of the work is to develop the basic principles and strategies for the formation of a heterogeneous wireless communication system based on a swarm of unmanned aerial vehicles. Methods. We study the structural and functional methods of building a wireless network. Results. Scenarios of centralized and distributed building of a wireless network of control of a swarm of UAVs are presented, assessment of the complexity of the functionality of swarm nodes in the case of a distributed scenario is carried out. A scheme of phased implementation of the life cycle of a UAV swarm for communication services has been developed. The "molecular" scenario of spatial self-organization of the swarm-nodes of the swarm is presented, which can be implemented using the "chain" and "flash" procedures. The proposed construction of some strategies for managing the swarm: centralized and decentralized with the Leader, collective self-management with information sharing, decentralized management with forecasting, self-organization without information sharing. Conclusions. The basic principles and strategies for the formation of a heterogeneous wireless communication system based on a swarm of unmanned aerial vehicles have been developed. A collective management strategy for a swarm of drones was developed.
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