The present work aims to study the potential effect of jamun Syzygium cumini seeds and leaves to give more protection against hyperlipidemia . Twenty male albino rats were used over 30 days period. The animals were divided into (4) groups, wherein groups number (1) represent control which were fed basal diet, while group number (2) was received high fat diet to serve as hyperlipidemic group. Other two groups allowed to feed high fat diet supplemented with jamun seeds and leaves, group number (3) treated simultaneously with jamun seeds, fourth group treated with jamun leaves. At the end of the experimental period, blood samples were collected to determine lipid profile, liver functions and determine the kidney functions include urea nitrogen and creatinine. From the obtained results we concluded that group of rats fed on high fat diet were considered as a major risk factor for hyperlipidemia disease. Our results could be summarized that jamun seeds and jamun leaves were considered the best for causing a reduction of TC, TG and LDL. Also, liver functions has been improved and there were significant reduction GOT, GPT and ALP activity than that of positive control group. It could be concluded that jamun seeds and jamun leaves under study are useful for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
Main chemical composition, bioactive constituents and antioxidant activity of Egyptian lupine and fenugreek seeds were investigated. The obtained resultsshowed that white lupine seeds have higher amount of carbohydrate and ash than that in the other seeds. Meanwhile yellow lupine seeds showed the highest percentage of fibers among all tested seeds, while fenugreek seeds were characterized by large amount of crude protein, oil and moisture comparing with both kinds of lupine seeds. On the other side, analysis of bioactive constituents revealed the presence of total phenolics, total flavonoids as well as saponins in the highest amount in fenugreek seeds, whereas the highest values of alkaloids and tannins were belonged to yellow lupine. It is noteworthy that white lupine exhibited the lowest amounts of all tested bioactive components among all studied seeds.And finally, in vitro antioxidant activity using two deferent methods, showed a correlation between total phenolics and total flavonoids on one hand and antioxidant activity on the other hand, where it showed the highest values for fenugreek seeds followed by yellow and white lupine seeds respectively.
Oils are a very important component in different diets, which makes it important for researchers to constantly search for a variety of sources of these oils that are acceptable to consumers on the one hand and are characterized by high nutritional value and storage properties on the other hand. This study was carried out to determine physical properties of linseed, soybean and walnut oils (Refractive index, color, specific gravity) as well as chemical properties (Acid value, saponification value, ester value, iodine value and peroxide value). The percentage of unsaponifiable matter and stability induction period at 100•C were also estimated. To determine the nutritional value of these oils, both their fatty acid content (assessed by the gas chromatography apparatus) and sterol content (assessed by GC-MS). Physical properties of linseed, soybean or walnut oils showed that; refractive index were 1.48, 1.47 and 1.84, respectively, while color (red) intensity were 9.5, 3.5 and 2.6, respectively and specific gravity were 0.93, 0.92 and 0.92, respectively. On the other hand, chemical properties of linseed, soybean or walnut oils showed that; saponification value were 192, 191 and 190.73(mg KOH/g oil), respectively, while acid value were 0.87, 0.27 and 0.79 (mg KOH/g oil), respectively, and iodine value were 175, 128 and 145 (g I2/100 g oil), respectively, finally, peroxide value were 1.95, 0.77 and 1.31 (Meq oxygen/Kg), respectively. Alpha linolenic acid was the major fatty acid in linseed oil (60.21%), while linoleic acid was the main fatty acid in both, soybean oil (52.83%) and walnut oil (61.85%). β-sitosterol was the main sterol in the linseed, soybean or walnut oils (54.72, 40.13 and 76.85%, respectively). As shown by the results, the three studied oils showed high content of essential fatty acids, (both omega-3 and omega-6), making them promising oils to support diets with essential fatty acids.
Hypercholestermia is the most common pathologic process underlying atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3, omega-3) is believed to protect the cardiovascular system. This study was carried out to investigate the protective effect of linseed, soybean, or walnut oils as omega-3 rich oils in rats compared to control diet. Furthermore, the therapeutic effect of linseed, soybean and walnut rich diets on lipid profile and liver functions of rats after feeding high fat diet. This study also was carried out to evaluate the hepatic bioconversion of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3, omega-3) to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5, omega-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6, omega-3) in rats fed on diets rich with oils from linseed, soybean and walnut. The physical and chemical properties as well as the content of fatty acids and sterols of linseed, soybean and walnut oils were studied. Two biological experiments were carried out to investigate the aims of such study. The obtained results showed that the overall beneficial effects provided by high level of ALA were better than those given by low levels of ALA. Linseed oil exerted a hypolipidemic effect and could be considered as a promising functional food in cardiovascular disease and as an alternative source of omega-3 PUFAs that could provide important benefits to our cardiovascular health.
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