Whether or not low CD4 count directly contributes to stroke among HIV infected stroke patients is yet to be elucidated. This study aimed to ascertain the role of low CD4 count in the pathophysiology of stroke in HIV infection. This was a hospital-based, case-control study. Sixty five (65) consecutive stroke patients (36 males and 29 females) aged 20-68 years and sixty five (65) age-and-sex matched controls were enrolled. A structured questionnaire was administered. Neurological examination was performed and computed tomography scan of the brain done. Blood samples were taken for HIV 1&2 screening using ELISA method. Positive test using two different kits constituted a positive result. CD4 count was determined by western blot method. The mean CD4 count of HIV positive stroke patients (224.92 cells/cm 3