The discovery of genetically distinct hantaviruses (family Hantaviridae) in multiple species of shrews, moles and bats has revealed a complex evolutionary history involving cross-species transmission. Seewis virus (SWSV) is widely distributed throughout the geographic ranges of its soricid hosts, including the Eurasian common shrew (Sorex araneus), tundra shrew (Sorex tundrensis) and Siberian large-toothed shrew (Sorex daphaenodon), suggesting host sharing. In addition, genetic variants of SWSV, previously named Artybash virus (ARTV) and Amga virus, have been detected in the Laxmann’s shrew (Sorex caecutiens). Here, we describe the geographic distribution and phylogeny of SWSV and Altai virus (ALTV) in Asian Russia. The complete genomic sequence analysis showed that ALTV, also harbored by the Eurasian common shrew, is a new hantavirus species, distantly related to SWSV. Moreover, Lena River virus (LENV) appears to be a distinct hantavirus species, harbored by Laxmann’s shrews and flat-skulled shrews (Sorex roboratus) in Eastern Siberia and far-eastern Russia. Another ALTV-related virus, which is more closely related to Camp Ripley virus from the United States, has been identified in the Eurasian least shrew (Sorex minutissimus) from far-eastern Russia. Two highly divergent viruses, ALTV and SWSV co-circulate among common shrews in Western Siberia, while LENV and the ARTV variant of SWSV co-circulate among Laxmann’s shrews in Eastern Siberia and far-eastern Russia. ALTV and ALTV-related viruses appear to belong to the Mobatvirus genus, while SWSV is a member of the Orthohantavirus genus. These findings suggest that ALTV and ALTV-related hantaviruses might have emerged from ancient cross-species transmission with subsequent diversification within Sorex shrews in Eurasia.
Original articles 89 хантавирусы (род Orthohantavirus семейства Bunyaviridae) принадлежат к числу наиболее важных зоонозных патогенов человека, передающихся воздушно-пылевым путем, и, поэтому, являются объектом усиливающегося изучения во всем мире [1]. данные о видовом разнообразии хантавирусов, круге их млекопитающих хозяев и распространении являются ключевыми при разработке стратегии борьбы с инфекцией. в течение 30 лет после открытия первого хантавируса грызуны отряда Rodentia считались основным природным резервуаром хантавирусов. исследования последних лет установили, что хантавирусы могут инфицировать более широкий круг млекопитающих хозяев, в частности насекомоядных подотряда Soricomorpha (кроты и бурозубки) и рукокрылых отряда Chiroptera (летучие мыши) [2].
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