A follow-up survey was conducted on 201 young adults with autism who were 18 or older (mean age, 21.5). All had participated previously in intensive therapeutic camping or had therapeutic involvement at medical consultation agencies to evaluate their outcome. Their social outcome was better than that previously reported in Japan. Although 31.5% had shown marked deterioration during adolescence, 43.2% had shown marked improvement during that period. Possible factors contributing to these results are discussed.
From among the subjects of a follow-up study on cases of autism conducted by the authors in 1990, 179 cases for which precise records were available on the infancy period were selected for evaluation of the relationship between the occurrence of setback phenomenon in infancy and long-term prognosis. The following results were obtained: (i) a significantly higher rate of epilepsy among the setback group compared to the non-setback group; and (ii) a significantly lower level of language development among the setback group upon entering elementary school compared to the non-setback group, although the difference between the present levels of adaptation of the two groups was not significant. Factors determining the long-term prognosis of the setback group are discussed.
Abstract. Falls are a common problem among elderly persons, but the training for the fall prevention is not well established. Therefore, the effectiveness of toe grasp training was examined in this study. Spontaneous postural sway was tested on elderly persons (N=19) with eyes open and eyes closed. Using a force plate, sway responses were quantified in terms of the total track length, the environmental areas, the maximum amplitude distance of X-axis, and the maximum amplitude distance of Y-axis. The data was compared between the toe grasp training group and the control group. Total track length (eyes open and eyes closed), environmental areas (eyes open) and maximum amplitude distance of X-axis (eyes open and eyes closed) were improved significantly in the toe grasp training group. The activation of foot mechanoreceptors and improvements of the eye-leg coordination were thought to be factors in this improvement and toe grasp training is expected to be effective for fall prevention of the aged.
Key wordsA survey was conducted on the present behavioral characteristics of 187 cases of adult autism in patients over 18 years of age employing Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), When their behavioral characteristics were evaluated in relation to Present Language Developmental Level (PLDL) and Present Adaptive Level (PAL), it was seen that greater variation in behavior characteristics was seen among those exhibiting increasingly lower PLDL and PAL scores, Behavior characteristics reminiscent of depression were noted even among those exhibiting high PLDL Behavior pointing to obsession was found in common among almost all cases of autism irrespective ofPLDL or PAL Psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions were absent in most cases, The results of the present study were indicative not only of the significance of obsessive behavior in autism, but also its significance in terms of delving further into the psychopathology of the disorder.Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), autism in adults, depression, obsession, schizophrenia, INTRODUCTION Today, it is well known that autism is not a disorder restricted to infancy, but a disorder in which impairn1ent of some sort will persist throughout life. The results oflong-tern1 follow-up study on autism have mostly been pessimistic,I-:; although recent results indicate considerable improvement in the prog-. . 6 nostlc pIcture. Because autism is a syndrome defined by characteristics of behavior, there is considerable range in the level of mental development involved. In particular, the behavioral characteristics of autism upon reaching adulthood are quite varied, reflecting this dispariry in mental development. For this reason, any attempt to capture a comprehensive pathological picture of autism in adulthood invariably incurs great difficulry. Apart from the follow-up studies, there have been a number of reports to date on the behavioral characteristics of subjects with autism in adulthood 7 Despite improvement in the overall prognosis for autism, the studies demonstrate that conduct disorders and ego disturbances remain quite severe in such patients.In comparative studies on behavior characteristics in tern1S of difference in the level of intellectual development,S.9 a high incidence of self-injurious behavior and stereorypic behavior is reported for groups exhibiting low levels of development. sHowever, such studies rarely address the behavior characteristics in adulthood. Previous reports on behavior characteristics in adulthood have been insufficient for comprehensive clarification due to limitations in the number of subjects, or great deviation among the object group. Furthermore, many points remain unclear COITespondt"IlCl' address: Ryuji Kobayashi. MD, I'hD, Tokai University School of Health Sciences. Bohseidai. he-hara. Kallagawa 25Y-tl 43. Japan.
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