Hard carbon is a standard anode material for Na‐ion batteries. However, its low crystallinity and diverse microstructures make obtaining a full understanding of the sodium storage mechanism challenging. Here, the results of a systematic ex situ small and wide angle X‐ray scattering study of a series of nanostructured hard carbons, which reveal clear evidence of sodium storage in the graphene–graphene interlayers and nanopores, are presented. Particularly, an emergence of a broad peak around q ≈ 2.0–2.1 Å−1 in the low voltage region is suggested to be an indicator that sodium is densely confined in the nanopores. Thus, classical X‐ray scattering techniques are demonstrated to be effective in elucidating the overall reaction scheme of Na insertion into hard carbon.

No abstract

We propose a method to describe charge transfer in ion-atom collisions that hybridizes the lattice, time-dependent Schrödinger equation (LTDSE) approach with the atomic-orbital coupled-channel technique. This method takes advantage of the completeness of the treatment of the collision problem through the LTDSE approach within a relatively small space around the distance of closest approach during the collision. It then extends the solution into the asymptotic regime through the less computationally intensive continuation of the time evolution of the electronic states under consideration utilizing a small, external coupled-channels expansion. This method is employed to calculate coherence parameters of an electron captured into the n = 2 shell of hydrogen in H + +He collisions to illustrate its effectiveness. The results show excellent agreement with experimental measurements and constitute improvements over various existing theoretical treatments.

No abstract

No abstract