The study analyzed potential applicability for asymmetric reinforcement of glulam beams using materials with a higher modulus of elasticity. Reinforcement elements included smooth and ribbed steel rods as well as basalt rods. These rods were placed only in the tensile zone, assuming that they will not only impart increased rigidity but first of all will reduce the scatter of bending strength values. What is significant, tests were conducted on timber with defects, as it is most commonly used in industrial practice. Analyses showed that this provides an increase in rigidity close to the assumed level. A significant increase in strength was observed. The manufactured beams reinforced with steel and basalt rods were characterized by mean bending strength amounting to 54 and 47 N/mm2, respectively. However, no significant improvement was found in the scatter of the observed variable. Beams reinforced with steel exhibit a 20% higher strength than unreinforced beams. The lower strength of beams reinforced with basalt bars may be related to the lower modulus of elasticity of the basalt itself.
This paper deals with problems connected with the design and operation of thin-walled steel silos for storing pelleted materials. A failure of a faultily designed silo is described and its causes are examined. The parameters of the stored material were determined. The exceptional (unforeseen) loads produced by arching and their consequences were analysed. In order to compare the effect of calculation assumptions on the degree of use of the load-bearing capacity of the stringer its buckling capacity under the stored material load alone was checked. On the basis of the analyses the probable course of the events leading to the failure was determined. It is pointed out that the exceptional loads and the disturbance of the bulk material flow by silo structural and technological fittings need to be taken into account in the design of silos. Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Antonowicz, R.; Bywalski, C.; Kamiński, M. 2014. Analysis of loads and structural capacity of steel silo with corrugated wall for pelleted material, Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 20(3): 372-379. http://dx.
The aim of this study was to assess the static bending strength of pine glulam manufactured when obtaining the main yield, i.e., structural timber or timber to be used in the production of structural glulam. Analyses were conducted on pine timber harvested from three different locations in Poland. Two beam variants were manufactured, differing in the timber arrangement, horizontal vs. vertical. It was shown that the static bending strength of beams manufactured in the vertical timber arrangement variant is slightly higher than that of beams produced from horizontally arranged layers, with the latter beams characterised by a smaller confidence interval for this strength. Moreover, it was found that the difference in the value of the 5th percentile for both beam types is slight and both beam types are considered to exhibit a high bending strength of over 40 N/mm2.
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