Desolvation of lithium ions and diffusion of Li+ through
the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) play an important role in determining
the extreme fast-charging ability of graphite for electric vehicle
(EV) application. For this reason, a novel aqueous borate type bio-based
polymer with inherent Li ions was designed as an SEI forming binder
for graphite. The low lying LUMO energy level enabled the preferential
reduction of the binder prior to the degradation of the electrolyte
or salt to form a thinner and highly conducting borate rich SEI. A
robust boron rich SEI and a binder with inherent Li ions improved
the kinetics with low activation energy for lithiation/desolvation
(22.56 kJ/mol), lower SEI resistance, and a high Li+ diffusion
coefficient across the graphite galleries (7.24 × 10–9 cm2 s–1). Anodic half-cells with the
novel binder delivered a discharge capacity of 73 mAh/g at 10 C, which
is three times higher than the those of the polyvinylidene fluoride
(PVDF) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose/polystyrene-polybutadiene
rubber (CMC-SBR) counterparts, with a high capacity retention for
more than 1000 cycles.
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