This study is the first report demonstrating proof-of-concept for a hydrogel-based touch sensor pad used for the non-invasive extraction and detection of sweat components. The sensor device was composed of an electrochemical L-lactate biosensor covered with an agarose gel in a phosphate buffer saline. When human skin contacts the agarose gel, L-lactate in sweat was continuously extracted into the gel, followed by in-situ potentiometric detection without controlled conditions. This novel type of sweat sensor is expected to enable the simple, non-invasive daily periodic monitoring of sweat biomarkers for advanced personal healthcare methods in the future.

Background: Qabc-and R-SNARE proteins are key components for membrane fusion in eukaryotic organelles. Results: Reconstituted SNARE proteoliposomal study reveals distinct contributions of Qabc-and R-SNAREs to the specificity of membrane fusion. Conclusion: An assembly of proper Qabc-SNARE combinations is critical for mediating fusion specificity. Significance: This provides new insights for understanding how cells organize their complex membrane trafficking pathways.

The concept of the Internet of Things (IoT), which connects objects to a network via various types of sensors to solve global societal needs, is now spreading to various application fields to achieve an emerging "smart lifestyle". Healthcare is one of the most attractive applications of IoT, because it provides various healthcare services for individuals, including daily health monitoring, fitness support, and elderly care. To realize these applications, there is a need to develop simple portable sensor devices that can be used anywhere, including non-medical

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