We developed a point-of-care testing method based on a lateral flow assay for bevacizumab, using an anti-idiotypic DNA aptamer as the capture molecule. Bevacizumab loaded onto the sample pad on the assay strip bound to the red-colored aptamer-modified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in the conjugation pad and then migrated into the developing zone. The AuNPs bound to bevacizumab were trapped by protein A on the test spot. In contrast, excess amounts of unreacted AuNPs on the control spot, confirming that they migrated correctly. The assay strips enabled analysis within 20 min after adding the sample, and bevacizumab was quantified by photographing the colored areas with a smartphone and analyzing the images. The assay kit was capable of quantifying bevacizumab in the range of 0-200 μg/mL in Avastin diluent and bevacizumab-spiked human serum samples. This assay method enables on-site analysis of bevacizumab concentrations with a simple operation and without special analytical apparatus.
The gas-liquid flow distributions in the multi-pass upward channels that simulated the compact evaporators for the automobile airconditioning system were investigated experimentally. Special attention was directed to influences of the inlet flow pattern at the header entrance, pressure condition at the branch outlets, and pressure-loss characteristics of branches on the gas-liquid distributions. Experiments were conducted in an isothermal air-water flow system. It was found that the pressure condition at the branch outlets exerted a great influence on the gas-liquid distributions to branches when flat smooth tubes were adopted as branches, but it had a minor influence when the branches consisted of multi-port tubes. The inlet flow pattern at the header entrance had a significant influence on the gas-liquid distribution, and liquid tended to be distributed to all the branches when the inlet flow pattern is a mist flow.
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