Measurementof the surfacetension of liquid Ga, Bi,Sn,Inand Pb bythe constrained drop method Thee ffectof the droplets izeo nthe accuracyof surface tension measurementbyt he sessile drop method isdiscussed forliquid metalst hrough asimulation byu singthe Laplacee quation.Itisfound thatw ithi ncreasing sizeo f the droplet,ahigheraccuracyof the measured valueofthe surfacetension canbeo btained. Ino rdert om ake alarge dropletof liquid metals,the constrained drop method with aspecialcrucible shape wasapplied tomeasurethe surface tension of liquid Ga, Sn,Bi,In,and Pb.The uncertainty of the measured surfacetension waswithin 1%.The temperaturedependencesof the surfacetensionofliquid Ga, Sn,Bi, In,a nd Pb wereo btained in the presentexperimentasfollows:

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The effect of the droplet size on the accuracy of surface tension measurement by the sessile drop method is discussed for liquid metals through a simulation by using the Laplace equation. It is found that with increasing size of the droplet, a higher accuracy of the measured value of the surface tension can be obtained. In order to make a large droplet of liquid metals, the constrained drop method with a special crucible shape was applied to measure the surface tension of liquid Ga, Sn, Bi, In, and Pb. The uncertainty of the measured surface tension was within 1%. The temperature dependences of the surface tension of liquid Ga, Sn, Bi, In, and Pb were obtained in the present experiment as follows: Ga: σGa = 737 − 0.062T  mN/m (823 ≤ T ≤ 993K) Sn: σSn = 579 − 0.066T  mN/m (723 ≤ T ≤ 993K) Bi: σBi = 417 − 0.070T  mN/m (773 ≤ T ≤ 873K) In: σIn = 600 − 0.082T  mN/m (673 ≤ T ≤ 993K) Pb: σPb = 499 − 0.089T  mN/m (757 ≤ T ≤ 907K)