Surface polymer engineering was applied with a carrier of exosomes, namely, the amphiphilic cationic CHP (cCHP) nanogel, to improve the delivery of exosome content by forming complexes with the exosomes.
Various cells in
vivo secrete exosomes consisting of lipid bilayers.
They carry mRNAs and miRNAs capable of controlling cellular functions
and can be used as drug delivery system nanocarriers. There is the
current need to further improve the efficiency of exosome uptake into
target cells. In this study, we prepared a hybrid of exosomes and
magnetic nanoparticles, which could be guided to target cells by a
magnetic field for efficient uptake. Magnetic nanogels were prepared
and hybridized to fluorescently labeled exosomes isolated from PC12
cells. By applying a magnetic field to a hybrid with magnetic nanogel,
exosomes were efficiently transferred into target cells as confirmed
by confocal laser microscopy. Finally, we found that differentiation
of adipose-derived stem cells to neuron-like cells was enhanced by
magnetic induction of the exosome-magnetic nanogel hybrid, indicating
maintenance of the intrinsic functions of the exosomes in the differentiation
of adipose-derived stem cells.
Natural membrane vesicles, including extracellular vesicles and enveloped viruses, participate in various events in vivo. To study and manipulate these events, biomembrane‐coated nanoparticles inspired by natural membrane vesicles are developed. Herein, an efficient method is presented to prepare organic–inorganic hybrid materials in high yields that can accommodate various lipid compositions and particle sizes. To demonstrate this method, silica nanoparticles are passed through concentrated lipid layers prepared using density gradient centrifugation, followed by purification, to obtain lipid membrane‐coated nanoparticles. Various lipids, including neutral, anionic, and cationic lipids, are used to prepare concentrated lipid layers. Single‐particle analysis by imaging flow cytometry determines that silica nanoparticles are uniformly coated with a single lipid bilayer. Moreover, cellular uptake of silica nanoparticles is enhanced when covered with a lipid membrane containing cationic lipids. Finally, cell‐free protein expression is applied to embed a membrane protein, namely the Spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, into the coating of the nanoparticles, with the correct orientation. Therefore, this method can be used to develop organic–inorganic hybrid nanomaterials with an inorganic core and a virus‐like coating, serving as carriers for targeted delivery of cargos such as proteins, DNA, and drugs.
Nanoscale biomembrane vesicles such as liposomes and extracellular vesicles are promising materials for therapeutic delivery applications. However, modification processes that disrupt the biomembrane affect the performance of these systems. Non-covalent...
Extracellular vesicle hybrid engineering for DDS and medical applicationExtracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted much attention as new therapeutic agents and DDS carriers. In recent years, there has been a great deal of progress in the development of technologies for modifying EVs to acquire new functions. In this paper, we summarize the current challenges for DDS applications of EVs and introduce recent research on the functionalization of EVs. In particular, we review the research on extracellular vesicle hybrid engineering, which aims to impart functions by conjugation and complexation of various functional molecules, nanocarriers, and inorganic nanoparticles with EVs.
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