SummaryThe genome sizes of 13 species of Taxodiaceae, 19 species of Cupressaceae s.s. and Sciadopitys verticillata were determined by flow cytometry of isolated nuclei stained with propidium iodide, using Hordeum vulgare nuclei as an internal standard. In Taxodiaceae, the genomes of Cunninghamia lanceolata (28.34 pg/2C) and Taiwania species (25.78, 26.80 pg/2C) were larger than those of other genera/species, which ranged from 19.85 to 22.87 pg/2C. In Cupressaceae s.s., genome size ranged from 20.03 to 27.93 pg/2C among 16 species. The Calocedrus species and Thujopsis had a larger genome than most other species. Sciadopitys verticillata had a large genome of 41.60 pg/2C. After comparing the diversity in genome size with previously reported cladograms constructed using nucleotide sequence data, the tendency of changes in genome size with phylogenetic differentiation is discussed.
Fall accidents, in which psychotropic polypharmacy is sometimes involved, are serious in medical safety management. We, clinical pharmacists, started to participate in the multi-disciplinary care team for inpatients at the psychiatric unit in Kyoto University Hospital in April 2012. After the patient interview on admission day, we propose a suitable prescription for the proper use of psychotropic drugs. In this study, we investigated the impacts of clinical pharmacy interventions aiming to reduce the psychotropic polypharmacy by evaluating fall accidents during hospitalization. We calculated the dosages of hypnotics, anxiolytics, antipsychotics, antidepressants and antiparkinson agents prescribed at the psychiatry unit in Kyoto University Hospital, as corresponding values, which were diazepam, chlorpromazine, imipramine and biperiden equivalents, respectively, from the computerized electronic records for the period 2011 -2014. We found a significant reduction in the dosages of long and short-acting hypnotics, anxiolytics, typical antipsychotics (but not atypical antipsychotics) and antiparkinsonian drugs after the introduction of the pharmacist intervention. In contrast, there was a trend toward increased dosages of antidepressants. The numbers of concomitant drugs of each of hypnotics and antipsychotics were decreased significantly. Furthermore, the number of fall accidents reported in the incident reports was decreased to 43-45 from 55 accidents/year after the intervention. These results suggest that clinical pharmacist intervention could contribute to the reduction of the doses used and prevention of polypharmacy in psychotropic drug use, and might be associated with the decrease in the number of fall accidents.
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