BackgroundIn the tumor microenvironment, factors inhibiting the targeting of cancer cells by activated T cells have recently been noted. B7-H3 belongs to the B7 superfamily of immune regulatory ligands and plays an important role in the adaptive immune response of co-inhibitory/stimulatory factors in regulating T cells. However, the degree to which B7-H3 directly affects tumor immune evasion mechanisms remains unclear, particularly in patients with breast cancer. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are known as a key player in the inhibition of immune mechanisms. The present study demonstrated that expression of B7-H3 on tumor cells and the number of Tregs in the tumor microenvironment independently affected prognosis in breast cancer patients.MethodsWe immunohistochemically investigated the presence of B7-H3 and forkhead box P3 (Foxp3)-positive Tregs in pathological specimens from 90 patients with breast cancer.ResultsPositive B7-H3 expression was associated with shorter recurrence-free survival (RFS) (p = 0.014). A higher percentage of Foxp3-positive cells also correlated with shorter RFS (p = 0.039). Multivariate analysis showed B7-H3 as an independent factor on RFS. Foxp3 expression in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) correlated significantly with larger tumor size (>2 cm), expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and higher nuclear grade (p = 0.003, p < 0.001, p = 0.001, respectively). No correlation was identified between expression of B7-H3 and the percentage of Foxp3-positive TILs.ConclusionsB7-H3 and Foxp3 can be regarded as markers of poor prognosis in breast cancer. These expressions were not correlated, suggesting that B7-H3 expression plays an independent role in tumor immune evasion, regardless of Tregs.
UL16 binding protein 1 (ULBP1) expressed on the tumor cell surface binds to the natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) receptor presenting on natural killer (NK), cluster of differentiation (CD)8+ T, and γ δ T cells. However, the roles of ULBP1 and NKG2D expression and associated immune responses in gastric cancer are unclear. The present study investigated the associations between ULBP1 and NKG2D expression and clinical outcomes in patients with gastric cancer. The levels of ULBP1 and NKG2D expression were examined in human gastric cancer cell lines and gastric cancer tissues from 98 patients who underwent surgery from 2004 to 2008. MKN-74 cells expressed ULBP1 with ULBP2, −5, or −6. NKG2D was expressed at a higher level following activation of T cells and NK cells. Among the tissue sections positive for NKG2D expression, 6 patients were positive for CD8 and CD56. In all tissues, NKG2D-expressing cells were typically aCD8+ T cells. Patients with NKG2D expression in tumors exhibited significantly longer overall survival (OS) compared with patients without NKG2D expression in tumors (P=0.0217). The longest OS was observed in patients positive for ULBP1 and NKG2D, whereas the shortest OS was observed in patients negative for ULBP1 and NKG2D. The interaction between ULBP1 and NKG2D may improve OS in patients with gastric cancer, and may have applications in immunotherapy for the induction of adaptive immunity in patients with cancer. Additionally, ULBP1 and NKG2D may be useful as prognostic biomarkers in gastric cancer.
The new guidelines of the HerniaSurge group recommend that only an expert hernia surgeon should repair a re-recurrent inguinal hernia. We report the efficacy of the hybrid method with explorative laparoscopy and anterior open approach for re-recurrent inguinal hernia repair. A 61-year-old man underwent anterior open preperitoneal mesh repair for right inguinal direct hernia and laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair for recurrence. Two years after the second surgery, re-recurrent inguinal hernia was confirmed. We carried out explorative laparoscopy for the re-recurrent inguinal hernia, which revealed a re-recurrent hernia orifice. We performed the anterior open approach while observing from the abdominal cavity. Explorative laparoscopy can help in accurately determining the orifice of the re-recurrent inguinal hernia. Based on that information, the hernia sac can be reached through the shortest route using the anterior open approach.
Objective
The relationship between expressions of ULBP1/NKG2D and their clinicopathological outcome in patients with gastric cancer were investigated.
Background
ULBP1 which is one of NKG2D ligand and expressing on tumor cell surface binds to the NKG2D receptor presenting on NK, CD8+ T and gamma delta T cell. It was considered that innate immunity is mainly induced through the interaction between ULBP1 and NKG2D. The role of this immune response is not clear yet, and is controversial whether it is inhibited or activated signal.
Methods
We performed immunohistochemical staining of gastric cancer tissue with antibody against ULBP1 and NKG2D in 98 patients who received surgery in 2004 to 2008. We investigated expression of ULBP1 in tumor and NKG2D in mononuclear cells around tumor by multiple points observation. These results were compared to their association with histological and clinical outcome.
Results
The positive group of NKG2D expression on mononuclear cells around gastric cancer tissue had significantly longer overall survival (OS) than the negative group (p = 0.0217). Although it was not recognized significant difference of ULBP1 expression on gastric cancer cells, in a combination of ULBP1 and NKG2D expression, both positive group had best OS, and both negative group had poorest OS in this study.
Conclusion
The interaction between ULBP1 and NKG2D in gastric cancer may have positive signal which relates to good OS. Although the mechanism of immune system through ULBP1/NKG2D is controversial, we obtained an interesting result according to this mechanism.
Citation Format: Kiyoshi Yoshimura, Moeko Inoue, Ryoji Kamei, Shigehisa Kitano. Co-expression of ULBP1 and NKG2D are related to better overall survival in patients with gastric cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1359. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1359
HighlightsThe soft tissue mass at the stump of artery suspected of pseusdoaneurysm.Embolization and artery bypass are effective for pseudoaneurysm of the iliac artery.Prophylactic arterial flow block may be safe to avoid recurrence of pseudoaneurysm.
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