The high charge–discharge rate characteristics of composite cathodes consisting of ferroelectric BaTiO3 (BT)-coated LiCoO2 (LC), synthesized via a simple sol–gel route, were evaluated, and the rate showed stepwise increases to as high as 5C. The LC–BT composite cathode annealed at 600 °C, LC–BT–600, notably retained high capacities, i.e., 122 mAh/g at 30 cycles, 5C and 99 mAh/g at 60 cycles, 5C. These capacities corresponded to 83% and 67% of the initial values and were as high as 158% and 245% of the capacities of bare LC over the same cycles, respectively. The ferroelectricity of the coated BT contributed to the improvement in high-rate performance.
Amorphous Fe(3+)-based oxide nanoparticles produced by Leptothrix ochracea, aquatic bacteria living worldwide, show a potential as an Fe(3+)/Fe(0) conversion anode material for lithium-ion batteries. The presence of minor components, Si and P, in the original nanoparticles leads to a specific electrode architecture with Fe-based electrochemical centers embedded in a Si, P-based amorphous matrix.
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