We have developed an efficient skin tumour classifier using a DCNN trained on a relatively small dataset. The DCNN classified images of skin tumours more accurately than board-certified dermatologists. Collectively, the current system may have capabilities for screening purposes in general medical practice, particularly because it requires only a single clinical image for classification.

The basal plane of graphene has been known to be less reactive than the edges, but some studies observed vacancies in the basal plane after reaction with oxygen gas. Observation of these vacancies has typically been limited to nanometer-scale resolution using microscopic techniques. This work demonstrates the introduction and observation of subnanometer vacancies in the basal plane of graphene by heat treatment in a flow of oxygen gas at low temperature such as 533 K or lower. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy was used to directly observe vacancy structures, which were compared with image simulations. These proposed structures contain C═O, pyran-like ether, and lactone-like groups.

Methane (CH 4 ) is an important greenhouse gas and plays a significant role in tropospheric and stratospheric chemistry. Despite the relevance of methane (CH 4 ) in human-induced climate change and air pollution chemistry, there is no scientific consensus on the causes of changes in its growth rates and variability over the past three decades. We use a well-validated chemistry-transport model for simulating CH 4 concentration and estimation of regional CH 4 emissions by inverse modeling during 1988-2016. The control simulations are conducted using seasonally varying hydroxyl (OH) concentrations and assumed no interannual variability. Using inverse modeling of atmospheric observations, emission inventories, a wetland model, and a δ 13 C-CH 4 box model, we show that reductions in emissions from Europe and Russia since 1988, particularly from oil-gas exploitation and enteric fermentation, led to decreased CH 4 growth rates in the 1990s. This period was followed by a quasi-stationary state of CH 4 in the atmosphere during the early 2000s. CH 4 resumed growth from 2007, which we attribute to increases in emissions from coal mining mainly in China and the intensification of ruminant farming in tropical regions. A sensitivity simulation using interannually varying OH shows that regional emission estimates by inversion are unaffected for the mid-and high latitude areas. We show that meridional shift in CH 4 emissions toward the lower latitudes and the increase in CH 4 loss by hydroxyl (OH) over the tropics finely balance out, keeping the CH 4 gradients between the southern hemispheric tropical and polar sites relatively unchanged during 1988-2016. The latitudinal emissions shift is confirmed using the global distributions of the total column CH 4 observations via satellite remote sensing. During our analysis period, there is no evidence of emission enhancement due to climate warming, including the boreal regions. These findings highlight key sectors for effective emission reduction strategies toward climate change mitigation.Keywords atmospheric chemistry-transport model; inversion model; greenhouse gases; methane (CH 4

cMet is a well‐characterized oncogene that is the target of many drugs including small molecule and biologic pathway inhibitors, and, more recently, antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs). However, the clinical benefit from cMet‐targeted therapy has been limited. We developed a novel cMet‐targeted ‘third‐generation’ ADC, TR1801‐ADC, that was optimized at different levels including specificity, stability, toxin–linker, conjugation site, and in vivo efficacy. Our nonagonistic cMet antibody was site‐specifically conjugated to the pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) toxin–linker tesirine and has picomolar activity in cancer cell lines derived from different solid tumors including lung, colorectal, and gastric cancers. The potency of our cMet ADC is independent of MET gene copy number, and its antitumor activity was high not only in high cMet‐expressing cell lines but also in medium‐to‐low cMet cell lines (40 000–90 000 cMet/cell) in which a cMet ADC with tubulin inhibitor payload was considerably less potent. In vivo xenografts with low–medium cMet expression were also very responsive to TR1801‐ADC at a single dose, while a cMet ADC using a tubulin inhibitor showed a substantially reduced efficacy. Furthermore, TR1801‐ADC had excellent efficacy with significant antitumor activity in 90% of tested patient‐derived xenograft models of gastric, colorectal, and head and neck cancers: 7 of 10 gastric models, 4 of 10 colorectal cancer models, and 3 of 10 head and neck cancer models showed complete tumor regression after a single‐dose administration. Altogether, TR1801‐ADC is a new generation cMet ADC with best‐in‐class preclinical efficacy and good tolerability in rats.