This article has an accompanying continuing medical education activity, also eligible for MOC credit, on page e19. Learning Objective: Upon completion of this CME activity, successful learners will be able to describe key colonoscopy quality metrics and employ proper polypectomy techniques in different clinical situations. BACKGROUND & AIMS: Incomplete resection of neoplastic colorectal polyps can result in postcolonoscopy colorectal cancer. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the incomplete resection rate (IRR) of colorectal polyps and associated factors. METHODS: We searched MED-LINE, EMBASE, EBM Reviews, and CINAHL to identify full-text articles that reported IRRs of polyps 1 to 20 mm, published until March 2019. Exclusion criteria were studies of inflammatory bowel disease cohorts, referrals for difficult polypectomy, polyp sizes larger than 20 mm, and endoscopic submucosal resection and/or dissection as polypectomy approaches. IRRs were calculated based on findings from biopsies taken at polypectomy sites or assessments of margins of resected polyps. The primary outcome was IRR for snare removal of polyps 1 to 20 mm. Secondary outcomes included IRR for polyps 1 to 10 mm and 10 to 20 mm, IRR for hot and cold snare removal of polyps 1 to 10 mm and 10 to 20 mm, IRR of snare removal with or without submucosal injection, and IRR for forceps and cold snare removal of polyps 1 to 5 mm. RESULTS: We identified 6148 reports and used 32 studies, with a total of 9282 polyps, in our quantitative analysis. The IRR for snare removal of polyps 1 to 20 mm was 13.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 10.3-17.3; 13 studies, 5128 polypectomies). IRRs were 15.9% for snare removal of polyps 1 to 10 mm (95% CI 9.6-22.1; 9 studies, 2531 polypectomies) and 20.8% for snare removal of polyps 10 to 20 mm (95% CI 12.9-28.8; 6 studies, 412 polypectomies). The IRR for hot snare removal of polyps 1 to 10 mm was 14.2% (95% CI 5.2-23.2) vs 17.3% for cold snare polypectomy (95% CI 14.3-20.3). The IRR for forceps removal of polyps 1 to 5 mm was 9.9% (95% CI 7.1-13.0) vs 4.4% for snare polypectomy (95% CI 2.9-6.1). CONCLUSIONS: In a systematic review and meta-analysis, we found that colorectal polyps 1 to 20 mm are frequently incompletely resected, and that risk increases for polyps 10 mm or larger. There is no difference in IRRs of cold vs hot snares for polyps 1 to 10 mm. Snare polypectomy should be used over forceps for polyps 1 to 5 mm.
Background Colonoscopy has been used as a screening or surveillance tool for colorectal cancer (CRC), however, a minority of patients develop post-colonoscopy interval CRC. Incomplete resection of colorectal polyps is thought to be a major cause of post-colonoscopy interval CRC. Aims We were interested in studying the incomplete resection rate (IRR) of colorectal polyps and factors associated with incomplete resection in a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis using MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBM Reviews, and CINAHL of all studies reporting on IRR of polyps 1-20mm published until March 2019. Exclusion criteria were: Inclusion of IBD cohorts; referrals for difficult polypectomy; polyp size >20mm; endoscopic submucosal dissection; conference abstracts; non-english language. Primary outcome was histologic IRR for polypectomies. Secondary outcomes included IRR for all studies; IRR for polyps 1-10mm and 10-20mm; IRR with or without submucosal injection; IRR based on assessment method of completeness; IRR for different polypectomy methods. Results 6148 records were identified through initial search and 37 studies with a total of 11962 polyps were included in our quantitative analysis. Histologic IRR for polypectomies (snare and forceps) was 10.54% (95%CI 8.56–12.53). IRR for all included studies was 9.05% (95%CI 7.54–10.56). IRR was lower for polyps 1-10mm than polyps 10-20mm; 8.85% (95%CI 7.27–10.44) vs 18.08% (95%CI 10.30–25.87). IRR was statistically significantly lower when only evaluated using imaging enhanced endoscopy (IEE) (0.69%; 95%CI 0.02–1.35) compared to post polypectomy margin biopsies (7.19%; 95%CI 5.39–8.99). Histologic IRR for snare polypectomy (8.79%; 95%CI 6.96–10.62) was lower than histologic IRR for forceps polypectomy (17.75; 95%CI 10.49–25.01). Conclusions Incomplete resection of 1-20mm colorectal polyps occurs in a significant proportion of polypectomies. Incomplete resection occurs more frequently in larger (10-20mm) polyps. Visual inspection with IEE after polypectomy underestimates IRR in comparison to post polypectomy biopsies. Snare polypectomy had lower IRR when compared with forceps. Funding Agencies None
than that of air or CO 2 insufflation combined (5.0%) (pZ0.0017, Fisher exact test). Discussion and conclusion: The combined data showed WE significantly increased SSPDR by 3%. With an estimated 19 million colonoscopies in the US in 2018 (https://idataresearch.com/an-astounding-19-million-colonoscopies-are-performedannually-in-the-united-states/), 3.0% of 19 million (570,000) is clinically meaningful. The improved outcomes of increased SSPDR add value to WE colonoscopy. The improved value appears to justify consideration to incorporate WE into colorectal cancer prevention programs.
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