Background Disordered Eating (DE) shows a strong association with athletics and can lead to several negative mental and physical health effects. Traditionally, sports have been grouped based upon whether or not the sport emphasizes leanness as a competing factor. Due to sociocultural factors, risk for DE may also be associated with the sport type. The aim of this review is to critically analyze the available research and data in this field to consider the relationship between DE and sport type to see which factors influence prevalence among athletes Method A systematic review was completed using keywords specific to DE and sport types. Articles were either excluded due to lack of specification of athlete type or failure to use a standardized screening tool or interview for data collection. Results 6 out of 7 studies found a significant increase in DE rates among lean sport types. When classifying by sport type reports were less consistent, but show non-lean sports also have increased rates of DE. Conclusion There are variations in prevalence of DE behaviors depending on athlete type. It is important to identify the risk for DE early in athletes so emphasis can be placed on treatment options to nullify progression to an eating disorder, lower negative impacts on an athlete’s performance, and prevent other negative health effects. Using sport groups is important to clinical practice as well as research, as certain sports may have a higher risk for development of DE.

Background Disordered eating (DE) is a growing problem among all athletes, particularly adolescents. To help prevent the progression of DE to a clinical eating disorder (ED), a brief screening tool could offer an efficient method for early identification of DE in athletes and facilitate treatment. The aim of this study is to validate a screening tool for DE that will identify male and female adolescent athletes of all sports and levels of competition who are at risk for DE. The Disordered Eating Screen for Athletes (DESA-6) consists of only 6 items and was designed for use in both male and female athlete populations. Methods Validation involved two phases: Phase I consisted of screening high school athletes using the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) and the DESA-6; and Phase II included inviting all high school athletes categorized as “at risk” after screening, plus age- and self-reported gender- matched athletes categorized as not “at risk”, to complete the same surveys a second time along with clinical interview. Validity and regression analyses were used to compare the DESA-6 to the EAT-26 and EDE 17.0D. Results When comparing to clinical interview, the DESA-6 had a total sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 85.96%, respectively. Upon comparison of concurrent validity, Phase II DESA-6 had a strong significant positive correlation for both males and females when compared to Phase II EDE 17.0D. Conclusions A brief, easy to administer screening tool for recognizing DE that can be used by physicians, psychologists, athletic trainers, registered dietitians, and other sport/healthcare staff is of utmost importance for early intervention, which can lead to improved treatment outcomes. The DESA-6 is a promising tool for risk assessment of DE in athletes.

CONTEXT CONTEXT To summarize available literature to date and discuss the importance of Disordered Eating (DE) in adolescent athletes, with special attention to the female athlete triad. In this paper, the authors will review the literature regarding adolescent athletes who intentionally engage in abnormal eating behaviors and focus on adolescent athletes of all training levels who may be affected by both DE and eating disorders (ED). METHODS METHODS In 2019, the authors completed a systematic literature search on PubMed using the search term variations of "Feeding and Eating Disorders" and "athletes" with "high school." RESULTS RESULTS A total of 20 pertinent articles were identified concerning DE in adolescent athletes. ED have been shown to impose higher rates of comorbidity than other psychological disorders and only a small number of individuals with ED seek treatment. ED tend to be more prevalent in adolescent elite athletes than non-athletes of both genders in all sports and levels of competition. CONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS More rigorous tools for family practice physicians, nurses, and coaches to use when working with at-risk adolescent athletes are needed to identify DE behaviors. Healthcare and school professionals need to be educated and trained to detect DE and the components of the female athlete triad. Additional research with adolescent males or those associating with alternative gender roles is also required to help them prevent physical and mental health consequences associated with DE.

Objective To explore the relationship between disordered eating (DE) and significant sport injury in adolescent athletes. Method Responses to one item of the Disordered Eating Screen for Athletes and the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT‐26) items, administered to n = 308 adolescent athletes, were analyzed with data on injury. Nonparametric statistics and multiple regression analysis were used to examine differences in DE rates amongst known injured adolescent athletes. Results The EAT‐26 scores of injured females, median score of 9, were significantly higher than all other groupings with H(3) = 17.26 p < .001, η2 = .047. Using regression analyses, injury significantly predicted a rise in EAT‐26 score by five points in females, p = .01, R2 = .052. Discussion This evidence suggests a relationship between adolescent female sport injury and DE, but no relationship between adolescent male sport injury and DE. These results demonstrate a need to screen for DE in athletes. Given a positive screen, athletes should be educated on the risks associated with relative energy deficiency and potentially referred to a practitioner with knowledge of the associated complications.

Although two earlier research groups have found that peritraumatic ketamine administration contributed to increased symptoms of PTSD (e g., reexperiencing, dissociation, avoidance, and hyperarousal), two later studies have indicated that ketamine had no effect on PTSD development. Additionally, one 2012 study group has suggested propofol use may alleviate PTSD symptoms at six months post-trauma. Another 2017 study team found that the number of surgical procedures was directly correlated with increased PTSD development. CONCLUSIONSBased on the literature to date, peritraumatic ketamine does not appear to influence the prevention nor development of ASD and subsequent PTSD. More research is needed to clarify the psychopharmacologic effects of ketamine when used in the management of reactions to acute trauma experiences. Based on the results of the two later works, future research is indicated considering whether propofol may contribute to PTSD development.