Part I of this series compared characteristics of 546 Chicanos and Anglo men and women methadone maintenance (MM) clients. In Part II, specific differences between Chicanos and Anglos are analyzed, by sex, for each of five stages in the addiction career: preexperimentation, experimentation addiction, initial MM treatment, and posttreatment. The analysis examines narcotic and other drug use, arrest, incarceration and legal supervision histories, criminal involvement, employment, interpersonal relationships, and treatment history. Whereas preaddiction differences between addicts parallel ethnic differences found in the general population, after addiction occurs the similarities are greater than the dissimilarities between ethnic groups, except for Chicanas. Chicanos appear to continue to function as part of their community after addiction, but Chicanas appear to risk becoming marginal. Treatment outcomes for Chicanos were, in general, less successful than for Anglos.
This paper reviews the research literature comparing Chicano (Mexican American) to Anglo heroin addicts. In addition, characteristics of 546 Chicano and Anglo men and women who had been clients of southern California methadone maintenance programs in 1978 are compared. Background factors examined include nativity, family socioeconomic status (SES) and family interpersonal relationships, education, and gang membership. Lifetime characteristics and status at follow-up interview are reported with particular attention to legal status, criminality, employment, and interpersonal relationships. Drug experimentation history and circumstances surrounding narcotics initiation are also compared. Most observed differences prior to addiction are similar to ethnic differences found in the general population. Part II analyzes ethnic differences progressing through five stages of the addiction career.
Among 23 patients with Alzheimer's disease, 11 (48%) exhibited cortisol hypersecretion (> or = 11.8 micrograms/dl) and nine (39%) displayed cortisol nonsuppression on the dexamethasone suppression test. Only four patients exhibited both neuroendocrine abnormalities, demonstrating a lack of association between these two neuroendocrine disturbances of over 50%. Twenty-two of the 23 patients were studied for 4 1/2 years, and 14 died during that period. Six of the eight surviving patients exhibited cortisol hypersecretion without cortisol nonsuppression.
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