BiVO4 is one of the most promising candidates for photoanodes in solar water splitting. However, the poor charge‐separation yield in BiVO4 has limited its photochemical activity. Here, we overcome this limitation by constructing a nanoporous morphology that effectively inhibits bulk carrier recombination as well as undergoes controlled introduction of oxygen vacancies through hydrogenation. In comparison to pristine BiVO4, hydrogen‐treated BiVO4 (H‐BiVO4−x) exhibits a superior photocurrent and electron‐hole separation yield, owing to enhanced carrier density and conductivity. In addition, we adopt a layer of nickel–borate (Ni–Bi) complex on the H‐BiVO4−x surface as an oxygen evolution catalyst to improve the water oxidation kinetics. The Ni–Bi/H‐BiVO4−x photoanode results in a large cathodic shift (350 mV) in the onset potential for water oxidation at pH 9. Moreover, the photoanodes exhibit high performance in the low‐bias regime and achieve a maximum power point of 0.82 % (photon‐to‐current efficiency) for solar water oxidation at potentials as low as 0.79 V versus RHE with a photocurrent of 2.26 mA cm−2. We attribute these improved photoelectrochemical performances to the enhanced charge separation, higher carrier density, better conductivity of H‐BiVO4−x, and the role of Ni–Bi as a hole conductor, facilitating photogenerated electron mobilization.

Synthetic macrocyclic host compounds can interact with suitable guest molecules via noncovalent interactions to form functional supramolecular systems. With the synergistic integration of the response of molecules and the unique properties at the nanoscale, nanoparticles functionalized with the host-guest supramolecular systems have shown great potentials for a broad range of applications in the fields of nanoscience and nanotechnology. In this review article, we focus on the applications of the nanoparticles functionalized with supramolecular host-guest systems in nanomedicine and healthcare, including therapeutic delivery, imaging, sensing and removal of harmful substances. A large number of examples are included to elucidate the working mechanisms, advantages, limitations and future developments of the nanoparticle-supramolecule systems in these applications.

Moiré nanosphere lithography (MNSL), which features the relative in-plane rotation between two layers of self-assembled monodisperse nanospheres as masks, provides a cost-effective approach for creating moiré patterns on generic substrates. In this work, we experimentally and numerically investigate a series of moiré metasurfaces by MNSL. Due to the variety of gradient plasmonic nanostructures in arrays, single moiré metasurfaces can support multiple localized surface plasmon (LSP) modes with a wide range of resonant wavelengths from ∼600 nm to ∼4200 nm. We analyze the origin of the LSP modes based on the optical spectra and near-field electromagnetic distributions. In addition, we fabricate and analyze the metasurfaces with high-density nanogap structures. These nanogap structures support plasmonic gap modes with significant field enhancements. With their tunable multiband optical responses from visible to near-infrared to mid-infrared regimes, these moiré metasurfaces are applicable for ultrabroadband absorbers, multiband surface-enhanced infrared and Raman spectroscopy, and broadband single-molecule spectroscopy.

With diagnosis and therapy combined onto a single platform, theranostics enables real-time monitoring of the status of disease treatment and allows for timely adjustment of type and dose of drugs, paving the way towards personalized medicine. "

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