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A new two-stage gasification process, decoupling complex biomass gasification from biomass pyrolysis and char gasification, has been proposed for the production of clean industrial fuel gas. In this work, Chinese herb residues will be used as raw material, and the fundamental studies and demonstration of this process were conducted on an externally heated laboratory two-stage gasification setup and an industrial demonstration plant, respectively. The fundamental studies found that the appropriate operation of the upstream fluidized bed (FB) pyrolyzer occurred at 700 °C and the suitable conditions for effective tar removal in the downstream gasifier were as follows: 850 °C, an equivalent ratio of air (ER) at 0.04, and a retention time of tar-containing fuel gas above 0.9 s. On the basis of these fundamental data, an autothermal demonstration plant treating 600 kg of herb residue per hour was built and successfully commissioned for its continuous running to verify the technology feasibility. The running data showed that the tar content in the gasified gas was as low as 400 mg/Nm3 at temperatures of 700 °C for the FB pyrolyzer and 850 °C for the transport fluidized bed gasifier. The produced fuel gas had a heating value of ∼5.0 MJ/Nm3. All of these displayed well the technical characteristics and demonstrated the process feasibility for this newly developed gasification technology.

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This review presents the recent advances and the current state-of-the-art of bioactive glass-based composite biomaterials intended for bone regeneration.

The so-called micro fluidized bed reaction analyzer (MFBRA) was adopted to implement the isothermal gasification of in situ coal char with CO 2 under minimized external diffusion inhibition. It was done by keeping the reaction atmosphere and temperature in the MFBRA for both coal pyrolysis and char gasification. This was further compared to the gasification of two other kinds of ex situ chars. While the gasification of ex situ char 1 referred to the coal pyrolysis in Ar and then CO 2 gasification of the resulting hot char without thermal annealing (cooling) in the same MFBRA, that of the ex situ char 2 was by first a separate coal pyrolysis in Ar and then gasification of the char in the MFBRA after thermal annealing (cooling). Reaction characterization and kinetic parameters based on the measured time-series product gas composition of CO clarified that the in situ coal char had the highest gasification reactivity and the lowest activation energy, whereas the ex situ coal char 2 showed the lowest gasification reactivity and the highest activation energy. Comparing the gasification behavior of chars made with Yima (YM) bituminous coal and Xilinhaote (XLHT) lignite further demonstrated that the char of XLHT lignite had the higher reactivity and smaller activation energy, complying with the higher gasification activity of lignite char than that of bituminite char.

A novel Ag3PO4/Nb2O5 fiber composite was fabricated through depositing Ag3PO4 nanoparticles on wrinkled Nb2O5 fiber surfaces through a facile depositing precipitation approach.

Primary bone tumors especially, sarcomas affect adolescents the most because it originates from osteoblasts cells responsible for bone growth. Chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation therapy are the most often used clinical treatments. Regrettably, surgical resection frequently fails to entirely eradicate the tumor, which is the primary cause of metastasis and postoperative recurrence, leading to a high death rate. Additionally, bone tumors frequently penetrate significant regions of bone, rendering them incapable of self-repair, and impairing patients' quality of life. As a result, treating bone tumors and regenerating bone in the clinic is difficult. In recent decades, numerous sorts of alternative therapy approaches have been investigated due to a lack of approved treatments. Among the novel therapeutic approaches, hydrogel-based anticancer therapy has cleared the way for the development of new targeted techniques for treating bone cancer and bone regeneration. They include strategies such as co-delivery of several drug payloads, enhancing their biodistribution and transport capabilities, normalizing accumulation, and optimizing drug release profiles to decrease the limitations of current therapy. This review discusses current advances in functionalized hydrogels to develop a new technique for treating bone tumors by reducing postoperative tumor recurrence and promoting tissue repair.

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