Aging in animals in accompanied by a decrease in exploratory drive, as assessed by hole poking and spontaneous alternation tests. This decrease is caused either by increased fear of the novel testing environment (neophobia) or by apathy. Either cause may be related to dysfunction of prefrontal cortex-related pathways. The myelination of the prefrontal cortex appears late in ontogeny. In accordance to the last-in first-out principle, this brain region seems to be affected early during aging. It remains to be determined whether this decrease of exploratory behavior is reversible by behavioral intervention, by dietary changes or by the administration of psychotropic drugs. One hypothesis worth testing is whether the decrease in exploration is associated to the well-described adipsia in human aging, whose neurobiological basis has not yet been determined. It is possible to consider that the maladaptive response to thirst is responsible for some senescent changes in the brain and that reversal of adipsia by behavioral, dietary or pharmacological means improves the quality of life in the elderly.

Mood disorders in HIV are common and can impact on the course of the illness. With the increasing use of newer psychopharmacologic and antiviral medications, clinicians need to take precautions while prescribing them. This paper gives an overview of the most recent literature describing the pharmacologic treatment of mood disorders in HIVpositive patients. The authors of this paper focus on antidepressants, mood stabilizers, neuroleptics, and psychostimulants, as well as on areas of controversy. The authors' own clinical experiences are also included.

Celebrity endorsement is nowadays a frequently used technique in marketing and advertising. On the one hand, celebrities have the ability to attract attention towards the advertising while on the other hand, their behavior is imitated by consumers, having a greater impact on buying decisions. One of the main challenges in advertising endorsed by celebrities is the overshadowing effect, by which consumers tend to watch the celebrity and not necessarily the advertised product. In three eye tracking experiments, we investigated the attention of consumers towards advertising with celebrities. The results showed that the celebrity was the eye-catcher of the advertising, being the first and longest object watched, but at the same time the product or the logo was also watched. The results also showed that the number of objects in advertising influenced the attention of the consumer. Across the three studies, we manipulated the number of objects and the results showed that in the case of information overload, the participants tended to watch the most familiar elements, which in our case were the celebrities. Therefore, the design and the number of objects in advertising endorsed by celebrities are also important in having a significant impact on the consumer.

Each consumer is confronted daily, 24 hours a day, to a real bombardment of information. They are assaulted by a flow of data and information that are frequently received from unknown sources without documentation, belonging to unknown authors without professional notoriety. The topic of the present information overload is of interest for both private consumers and for public or private organizations. We face information overload from the submission of a document in a public institution of the state to the daily activities, at home or at job. The objective of this article is to determine the differences and similarities in the perception of consumers regarding information overload on social media and in a digitalized society. The results of the discriminant analysis show that people older than 30 years did not find hard to get the information that is relevant to their needs from the excessive amount of information available on social media compared to the people younger than 30 years. The older consumers have also responded that they are not overwhelmed or distracted by the amount of information processed daily on social media compared to the young ones.

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