L’objectif de ce travail est d’analyser le risque en tant qu’objet social et de mettre en évidence le fait qu’il peut être différemment perçu selon l’environnement social, qu’il soit culturel ou contextualisé, via les filières de formation (économique ou humaniste). Une approche pluri méthodologique est employée, de l’analyse des comportements de réponses en fonction de groupes nationaux et de la température informationnelle du discours spontanément produit, en passant par l’examen attentif de la structure représentationnelle à travers l’analyse multidimensionnelle des données lexicales (ALCESTE), le tout placé dans une perspective comparative. Les résultats confirment l’existence d’un discours socialement élaboré et partagé de l’objet social risque, dont la structure varie selon le contexte d’expression. La discussion met en perspective ces résultats avec des applications et notamment le rôle que pourraient jouer la connaissance sociale du risque dans l’analyse des situations risquées, l’adoption des conduites préventives ou encore dans la prise de risques.
Based on the Social Representation Theory, the purpose of this article is to explore how lay-people consider both the economic crisis and risk, and to link these social representations to behavior. The article offers an original approach with the articulation of two studies about the social construction of risk and crises. It also contributes to the development of research methods for studying the connections between representations and practical implications. Based on this, the impact of the social representation of the crisis on the perceived ability to act is approached. The first study focuses on free-association tasks, with two distinct target terms: 'risk' and 'crisis'. The structural approach, with a prototypical analysis, allowed the identification of two different representations: (1) for risk, 'danger' is the central element;(2) for crisis, 'economy' and 'money' constitute the main components of the representation. The second study investigates the links between the two previously detected structures and their relations with the perceived ability to act in a financial crisis context. Some aspects of social knowledge were found to have an impact on perceived ability to act.
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