► We analyze the impact of football players' migration on national team performance. ► We provide a theoretical model and empirical evidence. ► Migration of national team players improves international football performance. ► This result holds particularly for countries with lower quality football clubs. a b s t r a c tWe analyze the impact of human capital formation through migration on performance by studying the impact of football players' migration to foreign clubs on their origin countries' international football performance. In our model, migration to foreign clubs allows players to improve their skills. Its impact on national team performance is positive and increasing with the difference in quality between foreign and home country clubs. To test this prediction, we have collected information on the club of employment of national team players for most countries in the world. We have constructed an original migration index, weighing each emigrant player by the quality of the foreign club employing him. We find strong and robust support for the theoretical prediction that migration of national team players improves international football performance, particularly for countries with lower quality football clubs.
We examine the impact of football player migration on their origin countries" international football performance. In our model, players acquire superior skills in foreign clubs, so emigration of players improves national team performance. We have collected information on the club of employment of national team players for most countries in the world. We have constructed an original migration index, weighting each emigrant player by the quality of his club of employment. We find strong and robust support for the theoretical prediction that migration of players to foreign leagues improves their origin countries" international football performance. JEL Classification: J61, L83
This research investigates migrant self-selection on values, beliefs, and attitudes using data from Eastern European and former Soviet countries. We find that individuals who intend to emigrate are more politically active, more critical of governance and institutions, more tolerant toward other cultures, less tolerant of cheating, more optimistic, and less risk averse. With the exception of risk aversion, all selection patterns are heterogeneous across regions of origin. On the other hand, no self-selection pattern is detected on education, willingness to pay for public goods, and economic liberalism. These findings provide new insights into the determinants of international migration and reveal some of its less known consequences, such as a possible reduction of domestic pressure for political improvements in post-Soviet states due to politically active citizens’ higher propensity to emigrate.
The basic neo-classical model implies that agricultural employment responds positively to increases in farm income. This argument is assumed by proponents and critics of agricultural subsidy programs in their discourse in favor of or against government support for farmers. However, empirical evidence on the relationship between agricultural employment and farm income (and subsidies) is mixed, and some studies find evidence that an increase in farm income has a negative impact on agricultural employment. This article proposes a new explanation for this puzzle. When farm income increases, part of the additional income is invested by credit-constrained farmers in their children's education and educated children are less likely to become farmers themselves. We provide a theoretical model and empirical evidence supporting this argument.Le modèle néo-classique de base part du principe que l'emploi agricole réagit positivement à l'augmentation des revenus fermiers. Cet argument est proposé par les défenseurs et les critiques des programmes de subventions agricoles, lorsqu'ils se positionnent pour ou contre le soutien gouvernemental aux fermiers. Cependant, les preuves empiriques sur la relation entre emploi agricole et revenus fermiers (et subventions) sont mitigées, et quelques études ont trouvé qu'une augmentation des revenus fermiers a un impact négatif sur l'emploi agricole. Cet article propose une nouvelle explication à ce problème. Lorsque les revenus fermiers augmentent, une partie de ces revenus supplémentaires est investie par des fermiers, limités par les contraintes de crédit, dans les études de leurs enfants. Les enfants ayant fait des études sont moins susceptibles de devenir eux-mêmes des fermiers. Nous fournissons un modèle théorique et des preuves empiriques pour appuyer cet argument.
This paper uses a survey among students at European universities to explore whether Russia's invasion of Ukraine has affected attitudes toward European integration. Some respondents completed the survey just before Russia's assault on February 24, 2022, and some did so just afterwards, thus delivering a quasi-experimental design situation, which we exploit. Our results suggest that the ominous news about the Russian attack increased the participants' interest in EU politics, consolidated their attachment to the EU, and made them more mindful and appreciative of the benefits of deeper European integration. In effect, the war so close to the EU Eastern border provoked a rally around the supranational EU flag, with convergence of public opinion toward shared European values.
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