BackgroundLittle is known regarding which behavioural responses can be expected if an influenza pandemic were to occur.MethodsA survey comprising questions based on risk perception theories, in particular PMT, was conducted with a Dutch sample.ResultsAlthough fear that an influenza pandemic may occur was high, participants do not feel well informed. General practitioners and local health authorities were considered trustworthy sources of information and the information considered most urgent pertained to which protective measures should be taken. Participants reported an intention to comply with recommendations regarding protective measures. However, response and self efficacy were low. Maladaptive behaviours can be expected. Increasing numbers of ill individuals and school closures are also expected to lead to a decreased work force. Participants indicated wanting antiviral drugs even if the supply were to be insufficient.ConclusionsMessages regarding health protective behaviours from local health authorities should anticipate the balance between overreacting and underreacting. Also, when protective recommendations from health professionals conflict with company policies, it is unclear how employees will react.
SummaryTo date, most interventions aimed at preventing obesity have underemphasized the application of systematic intervention development, implementation and evaluation. The present review provides a thorough insight in factors promoting implementation and/or effectiveness in interventions aimed at preventing overweight/obesity among adults. A total of 46 studies evaluating interventions aimed at preventing obesity were reviewed, followed by both qualitative and quantitative analyses. The Intervention Mapping protocol and the Environmental Research framework for weight Gain prevention (EnRG) were applied to analyse and classify the included studies. The interventions were categorized by setting (workplace, community, health care) and target group (ethnic minorities, pregnant women, [pre]menopausal women, smokers, people with intellectual disabilities). Generally, interventions were found to have potential in changing energy balance-related behaviours and anthropometric outcomes. Effect sizes for changes in body mass index ranged between -0.09 and 0.45. When the programme goal specifically aimed at weight management, the intervention was found to be more successful than interventions with programme goals that were aimed at preventing cardiovascular disease or improving general health status. Although a considerable part of studies included motivational interventions, only some actually assessed the effects on potential cognitive mediators. A general lack of reporting underlying theoretical models for behaviour change was observed as well as the inclusion of linkage groups and strategies to promote empowerment.
ObjectiveTo explore patients' satisfaction with their community pharmacy's services and to evaluate the effects of an intervention programme in which a trained technician organised patient education activities in the pharmacy. MethodWe surveyed patients visiting the participating pharmacies at three stages: at the start of the intervention period (0 months, T0), at the end (after 12 months, T1), and 12 months after the intervention had been completed (24 months from baseline, T2). At each stage, 500 questionnaires were distributed by each pharmacy. Setting 28 Dutch community pharmacies: 14 intervention and 14 controls. Key findingsThe response rates were 54%, 44% and 43% at T0, T1 and T2, respectively. Baseline data showed that patients reported satisfaction with helpfulness, waiting time, ease of asking questions, answers to questions, and patient leaflets provided. Around two thirds (59.5%) of the patients said they would ask a pharmacy employee questions if they were concerned about side effects of their medication. Asking questions was not reported to be difficult for most patients (88.9%). The reasons most often given for experiencing difficulties with asking questions were related to lack of privacy (16.9% of all patients), waiting time of other patients (8.8%) and busy pharmacy employees (6.7%). The most frequently reported reason for being less satisfied with the answers to questions was receiving too little information (7.5%). Our analyses showed a significant improvement only on the outcome variable ''helpfulness'' experienced by patients between 0 (T0) and 12 months (T1), and this was found to be sustained one year later (T2). ConclusionThe overall findings on patient satisfaction showed that almost two-thirds of the respondents saw the pharmacy as a source of information about medication. Community pharmacies clearly have an important role in providing such information. Lack of privacy was the most common reason for patients reporting difficulties in asking questions about medicines and this needs pharmacists' attention. Our analysis showed that the intervention had an effect on ''helpfulness'' experienced by patients, which slightly increased in the intervention period (T0-T1 differences) and appeared to have remained at the higher level one year later (T2).
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