Social protection Vocational and business training to improve women's labour market outcomes in low-and middle-income countries A systematic review June 2018 About 3ie The International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie) is an international grant-making NGO promoting evidence-informed development policies and programmes. We are the global leader in funding, producing and synthesising high-quality evidence of what works, for whom, how, why and at what cost. We believe that using better and policy-relevant evidence helps to make development more effective and improve people's lives. 3ie systematic reviews 3ie systematic reviews appraise and synthesise the available high-quality evidence on the effectiveness of social and economic development interventions in low-and middle-income countries. These reviews follow scientifically recognised review methods, and are peerreviewed and quality assured according to internationally accepted standards. 3ie is providing leadership in demonstrating rigorous and innovative review methodologies, such as using theory-based approaches suited to inform policy and programming in the dynamic contexts and challenges of low-and middle-income countries. About this review Vocational and business training to improve women's labour market outcomes in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review, was submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of grant SR7.1094 awarded under Systematic Review Window 7. This review is available on the 3ie website. 3ie is publishing this technical report as received from the authors; it has been formatted to 3ie style, however the tables and figures have not been reformatted. 3ie will also publish a summary report of this review, designed for use by decision makers, which is forthcoming. This review has also been published in the Campbell Collaboration Library and is available here.
The International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie) is an international grant-making NGO promoting evidence-informed development policies and programmes. We are the global leader in funding, producing and synthesising high-quality evidence of what works, how, why and at what cost. We believe that better and policy-relevant evidence will make development more effective and improve people's lives. 3ie systematic reviews 3ie systematic reviews examine available high-quality evidence on the effects of social and economic development interventions in low-and middle-income countries. These reviews follow scientifically recognised review methods, and are peer reviewed and quality assured according to internationally accepted standards. 3ie is providing leadership in demonstrating rigorous review methodologies, such as using theory-based designs, for combining different types of evidence suited to respond to the complex and dynamic contexts and challenges of development. 3ie also publishes summary reports based on the full reviews that are designed for use by policymakers and programme managers. About this summary report AcknowledgementsThis review was made possible thanks to the generosity of many individuals and organisations. It was funded by Global Affairs Canada (formerly Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development, Canada), managed through the International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie). 3ie also offered additional financial support for this review. In addition, the Centre for Anthropological Research at the University of Johannesburg generously allocated additional staffing to the review. We would also like to thank our international advisory group and peer-reviewers for their input to this review. ii SummaryThe majority of the rural poor in Africa engage in smallholder farming as a livelihood strategy. At the same time, supporting the practice of smallholder agriculture holds the potential to improve farming households' level of food security as well as local economies in rural areas. Agricultural productivity in Africa stands at one-third to half of global productivity and, although the Green Revolution has rapidly improved social and economic livelihoods in other former developing regions, it is by and large absent from the continent.Programmes that support African smallholder agriculture by implementing training programmes and introducing new technologies and agricultural innovations aim to help release the untapped potential of the African agricultural sector. But we know little about which programmes and approaches are most effective at improving smallholders' food security and economic outcomes. This is the first systematic review of the available research evidence to address this issue. Our objectives were to systematically review the evidence on the effects that training, innovation and new technology have had on African smallholder farmers' economic outcomes and food security. InterventionsThis review assessed the effects of two types of interventions on the livelihoods of Africa...
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