As fezes foram trazidas por pesquisadora que esteve na aldeia para realizar determinada investigação científica.Para conhecer particularidades concernentes a indígenas, no Brasil, várias apreciações já foram ou ainda são realizadas. Diversas publicações atestam isso e, como exemplos, abordaram diabetes, alcoolismo, estado nutricional, segurança alimentar, questão sociolingüística, epidemiologia, câncer e nutrição no âmbito da saúde infantil 8 9 . Parasitoses intestinais ficaram reiteradamente focalizadas e demonstraram percalços expressivos
ABSTRACTOccurrences of intestinal parasitosis in Indians of the Mapuera community (Oriximiná, State of Pará, Brazil) were evaluated. Within the context of group assessment, this study makes a contribution towards adequate knowledge of this subject, which is significant from a medical-sanitary point of view. Parasitological examination of feces from 83 individuals, performed using four different methods, could be considered to have reasonable amplitude for establishing diagnoses. Protozoan cysts and helminth eggs of many types were found, even with significant percentages. The frequent presence of Blastocystis hominis (57.8%), along with findings of Cryptosporidium sp (3.6%) and Cyclospora cayetanensis (10.8%), deserved highlighting with specific comments. The findings show that these Indians live in an environment in which poor hygiene conditions prevail. In particular, these facilitate the dissemination of protozoa and helminths through contact with the soil or through intake of contaminated water and food.
SUMMARYIt is recognized that breast feeding is an alternative means of transmission of Chagas disease. However, thermal treatment of milk can prevent this occurrence. As domestic microwave ovens are becoming commonplace, the efficacy of microwave thermal treatment in inactivating Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes in human milk was tested. Human milk samples infected with T. cruzi trypomastigotes (Y strain) from laboratory-infected mice, were heated to 63 °C in a domestic microwave oven (2 450 MHz, 700 W). Microscopical and serological examinations demonstrated that none of the animals inoculated orally or intraperitoneally with infected milk which had been treated, got the infection, while those inoculated with untreated, infected milk, became infected. It was concluded that the simple treatment prescribed, which can easily be done at home, was effective in inactivating T. cruzi trypomastigotes contained in human milk.
Summary :A rapid DNA extraction was used for T. cruzi detection in triatomines dry fecal spots collected on filter paper and analyzed by PCR. Fifty T. infestans were fed on experimentally infected Balb/C mice with high T. cruzi parasitemia and divided into five groups of ten triatomines, and 100 triatomines were infected with lower parasitemia and divided into five groups of 20 triatomines. One dry fecal spot was analyzed per group on days 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 post feeding. Amplification targeted T. cruzi TCZ sequence and resulted positive from day 4 after bugs feeding in the two models (high and lower parasitemia). The rapid DNA isolation and PCR proposed are suitable for detection of T. cruzi DNA in filter paper and should be considered in field research.
Blastocystosis is the infection caused by Blastocystis hominis. It is associated with frequent and unquestionably very important controversy and lack of definition, above all due to its implications for general assistance and medical care. In that connection, there is considerable disagreement on the subject of the pathogenicity of this protozoan, which should be categorically defined. Other aspects besides the above, require clarification through results from well conducted studies aiming at attributing Blastocystis hominis a proper role within the context of public health. Another matter worthy of attention is the diagnostic value of the parasitological stool examination, with the proviso that it is adequate, as are fecal smears suspended in saline solution or permanent mounts stained with iron hematoxylin or thionine. The use of inadequate techniques tends to produce false negative results, thereby impeding investigation into the real importance of this microorganism.
Em Algumas circunstâncias é necessário conservar adequadamente fezes destinadas a exame parasitológico. Por exemplo, influem para que esta providência fique adotada a inexistência em determinado lugar de condições suficientes a fim de permitir satisfatória análise, a realização de inquéritos epidemiológicos com necessidade de envio de matéria fecal para lugar diferente daquele onde foi coletada e a ocorrência de intervalo variável entre a obtenção e a execução dos procedimentos desejados.As modalidades de preservação precisam ser apropriadas, porquanto não devem alterar as estruturas, tais como trofozoítos, cistos, ovos e larvas, que permitem, quando detectadas, a efetivação dos diagnósticos pretendidos.Conforme as finalidades consideradas em diferentes situações, estão disponíveis várias modalidades de conservação. A propósito lembramos a que utiliza o formol a 10%, a referida como MIF modificado, a baseada no emprego do azoteto de sódio e a que depende do fixador de Schaudinn 3 4 5 . Nos últimos anos, tornou-se imprescindível conceder atenção ao Cryptosporidium parvum, protozoário que infecta pessoas imunocompetentes ou imunodeprimidas e, atualmente, muito em evidência pela freqüente participação no contexto da aids. Portanto, é importante saber como convém conservar os oocistos dele através de processo que não cause alterações morfológicas indesejáveis. A respeito de outras parasitoses intestinais contamos com informações do desempenho de conservantes conhecidos, mas o mesmo não acontece quanto ao Cryptosporidium. Por isso, decidimos executar uma observação referente a esse detalhe.Com o intuito de obter pelo menos uma conduta aconselhável, por cumprir de forma proveitosa o
As a part of medical assistance activities, parasitological examination of fecal samples from 227 school children from a public institution of São Paulo (SP) revealed a rather high proportion of results positive for Blastocystis hominis. Other protozoan and worm species were markedly scarcer, a peculiar situation according to our judgement. It is acknowledged that blastocystosis is still largely an indefinite and controversial subject, which deserves adequate analysis to avoid drawbacks in the sphere of action of public health and general medical assistance.
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