This chapter discusses adjudication, expertise, and cultural difference as it appears in criminal court cases concerning female genital cutting (FGM) in the EU, as reported in a 2015 comparative overview. It begins with the distinction between typical and atypical FGM cases; a distinction that connects court cases to the cultural realities of the practicing communities, suggesting that the lack of cultural knowledge can cause unnecessary suffering to families and/or individuals who wrongly undergo prosecution in alleged FGM cases. A contrario, the intervention of experts in FGM court cases could be a positive approach to assessing the legitimacy of public intervention in certain cases.
Between the summer of 2019 and the summer of 2021, a violent discussion about trans rights took place in Spain. This paper argues that the discussion can be understood as an instance of ‘social problems work’, more specifically as part of a moral crusade or a moral panic episode. Implicit in this is the idea that there has been an over-reaction to trans recognition and trans equality laws, publicly presented as a major social problem. This paper also provides legal arguments against the fears voiced in the discussion, by summarizing relevant ECHR case-law that agrees with an alternative feminist account of trans rights that de-pathologizes gender-identity self-determination. The paper thus suggests that a ‘cultural war’ over gender identity has been ignited and has yet to be fully fought and won.
La actual crisis de los cuidados en occidente ha puesto de manifiesto las limitaciones de la ciudadanía sexuada, y la persistencia del sistema de dominio que afecta a las mujeres. La asignación del espacio doméstico a las mujeres no ha sido nunca una cuestión de diferencia, sino una cuestión de subordinación frente a la que se alzan, de un lado, las estrategias relativas al derecho antidiscriminatorio; de otro, las demandas de participación política real de las mujeres y de su mayor presencia en los ámbitos políticos de representación. El trabajo presenta algunas de estas estrategias y argumentos; sus limitaciones y potenciales, y argumenta que necesitamos resignificar la ciudadanía incluyendo la dependencia humana y su gestión, así como las redes globales actuales que dicha gestión genera.
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