Dermal exposure to pentachlorophenol was associated with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and kidney cancer, but not with other cancers of a priori interest.
R. A comparison of exposure estimates by worke r rater s and industrial hygienists. Scand J Work Environ Health 1989;15:424-429. The validit y and reliabilit y of nine senior sawmill workers' estimates of frequency, duration, and route s of exposure were compared with individual workers' ratin gs of their own job titles and industrial hygienists' ratings of all job titles in the plant. T he reliability of the senior workers' mean exposure estimat es [group intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.71] compared favo ra bly with tho se of three pairs of hygienists (group ICC =0.57, 0.1\7, and 0.81). The validity of their rat ings was assessed in a comparison with urinary chlorophenate measurements representing 92 % of the job titles in the sawmill. The senior workers ' ratings [coefficient of determination (R') = 0.22] resembled those of two pairs of industrial hygienists (R' = 0.24, 0.22) and was significantly greater than that of the third pair (R' = 0.08). The validity of the self-reports was also low (R, ' = 0.15), but the dif ference was not statistically significan t. Senior workers' exposure rat ings appear to be as effective as the other methods tested .
OBJECTIVES: This study examined the association between exposure to chlorophenates and the risk of soft tissue sarcoma; non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; Hodgkin's disease; and cancers of the lung, nose, and nasopharynx. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted of 26487 workers employed for at least 1 year between 1950 and 1985 in 11 chlorophenate-using and 3 non-using sawmills in British Columbia, Canada. Exposures by job were ascertained with interviews of senior employees. RESULTS: Probabilistic record linkage to the Canadian Mortality Data Base and the British Columbia Cancer Registry found 4710 deaths between 1950 and 1990, and 1547 incident cases of cancer between 1969 and 1989. None of the cancers of interest had elevated mortality related to chlorophenate exposure. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma incidence (n = 65) increased with increasing chlorophenate exposure hours, yielding the following standardized incidence ratios: less than 120 hours 0.68; 120 to 1999 hours, 0.59; 2000 to 3999 hours, 1.04; 4000 to 9999 hours, 1.02; and 10000 or more hours, 1.30. CONCLUSIONS: These results are consistent with the borderline positive associations seen in other recently reported studies of chlorophenate-exposed workforces.
Objectives The purpose of the study was to determine whether paternal occupational exposure to dioxincontaminated chlorophenols is associated with an increased risk of congenital anomalies or other adverse reproductive outcomes in offspring. Methods As a result of a multistep linkage, 19 675 births between 1952 and 1988 were identified as children of a cohort of 9512 fathers who had worked at least one year in British Columbia sawmills where chlorophenate wood preservatives had been used. A nested case-referent analysis was applied, using conditional logistic regression, with five referents matched per case according to year of birth and gender. Chlorophenate exposure was based on expert raters' estimations of hours of exposure applied to specific time windows prior to birth. Results The offspring of male sawmill workers were at increased risk for developing congenital anomalies of the eye, particularly congenital cataracts; elevated risks for developing anencephaly or spina bifida and congenital anomalies of genital organs were shown according to specific windows of exposure. No associations were found for low birthweight, prematurity, stillbirths, or neonatal deaths. C O~C~U S~O~S The study adds further support to the hypothesis of male-mediated developmental toxicity. Paternal exposure to chlorophenates was associated with the development of certain congenital anomalies in offspring.
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